He learned the piano and violin by the time he was six years old. [4] He was the founding head of the Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service, SD), an intelligence organisation charged with seeking out and neutralising resistance to the Nazi Party via arrests, deportations, and murders. He combined repressive measures and mass executions with an attempt to mollify Czech peasants and workers by improving social and economic conditions. Managed by: Michael Rper. He was also Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor (Deputy/Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich[8] was born in 1904 in Halle an der Saale to composer and opera singer Richard Bruno Heydrich and his wife, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Heydrich (ne Krantz). He was appointed SS chief for Berlin in 1934, and when Himmler became chief of all German police forces in 1936, Heydrich took charge of the SD, the criminal police, and the Gestapo. He received good evaluations from his superiors and had few problems with other crewmen. That a man as irreplaceable as Heydrich should expose himself to unnecessary danger, I can only condemn as stupid and idiotic. [138], Heydrich was interred in Berlin's Invalidenfriedhof, a military cemetery. [151] On 9 June, in the village of Lidice 172 boys and men between age 14 to 84 were shot. Many historians regard him as the evilest of the Nazi elite, and Hitler referred to him as the man with the iron heart.. Reinhard was the older of the two, born on March 7, 1904. Reinhard Heydrich, also known as The Butcher, rose to be Obergruppenfhrer of the notorious S.S. in Nazi Germany. Berlin police are trying to find out who opened the unmarked grave of SS officer Reinhard Heydrich, a top Nazi killed by Czechoslovak agents in 1942. [27] Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy in April. The explosion ripped through the right rear fender and wounded Heydrich, with metal fragments and fibres from the upholstery causing serious damage to his left side. [15] A talented athlete, he became an expert swimmer and fencer. He played a key role in organizing the Holocaust during the early years of World War II. Right, his son Heider has said he wants to restore his father's castle outside Prague, Outrage: The upper castle at Panenske Brezany, near Prague. She ran Reinhard Heydrich's former summer house on Fehmarn as a restaurant and inn until it burned down in February 1969, during welding work within the roofspace that caught the thatched roof alight. [98] The reprisals are referred to by Czechs as the Heydrichida. He improved his index-card system, creating categories of offenders with colour-coded cards. [56] At Hitler's direction, Heydrich, Himmler, Gring, and Viktor Lutze drew up lists of those who should be killed, starting with seven top SA officials and including many more. Reinhard heydrich und die wannsee konferenz historia. Notes from the meeting on the solution of Jewish Questions held on 10.10.1941 in Prague", "The Path to the Mass Murder of European Jews, part 2: Letter of 18 September 1941 from Himmler to Reichsstatthalter Greiser", "Grave of top Nazi leader Reinhard Heydrich opened in Berlin", "Reinhard Heydrich: A Devil With Many Faces", Documents concerning the Wannsee Conference, Director of the Reich Main Security Office, List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust, Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law, Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion, National Political Institutes of Education, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Heydrich&oldid=1151613285, German military personnel killed in World War II, Holocaust perpetrators in Bohemia and Moravia, Infectious disease deaths in Czechoslovakia, Recipients of the German Order (decoration), Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Elisabeth Anna Maria Amalia Krantz (mother), This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 03:29. [10] Two of his forenames were musical references: "Reinhard" referred to the hero from his father's opera Amen, and "Tristan" stems from Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde. Heydrich was chief of the Reich Security Main Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). Heydrich had four children Klaus (born 17 June 1933) died in a traffic accident in Jungfern-Breschan on 24 October 1943 Heider (born 28 December 1934 - died in July 2007) Silke (born 9 April 1939) Marte (born 23 [19] Heydrich, then 15 years old, joined Maercker's Volunteer Rifles (a paramilitary Freikorps unit). The games were used to promote the propaganda aims of the Nazi regime. [9] Heydrich developed a passion for the violin and carried that interest into adulthood; he impressed listeners with his musical talent. [2][3], On 6 December 1930, aged 19, she attended a rowing-club ball in Kiel and met then Naval Lieutenant Heydrich there. In Prague, the day before the attack that led to his death, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lina_Heydrich&oldid=1137596810, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2015, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 5 February 2023, at 14:04. [16] Manninen died in September 1969. [17] She spoke with several authors, sent in letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband until her own death at the age of 74 on 14 August 1985 in Fehmarn.[12]. Brother of Reinhard Klaus* Heydrich; Private and Private. [165], On 20 July 1941, without seeking authorization from Himmler, Heydrich rejoined Jagdgeschwader 77 during Operation Barbarossa, arriving at Yampil, Vinnytsia Oblast in a borrowed Me 109. [140] A recent biography of Heydrich also places the grave in Section A. WebRudolf Diels, hacia 1933. Hitler used the ruse as an excuse to launch his invasion. He explained, "Making this Czech garbage into Germans must give way to methods based on racist thought."[92]. They were born into a wealthy and cultured household. [16] These rumours increased after his maternal uncle Hans Krantz married a Hungarian Jew named Iza Jarmy. He returned to Berlin on 14 May after having crashed his plane on takeoff at Stavanger the previous day. Outrage is growing in the Czech Republic after the son of the country's bloodthirsty Nazi leader said he wanted to restore the castle where his father lived during the Second World War. [160] His service record also gives him credit as a Navy Reserve Lieutenant, but in 1931 he was dismissed for conduct unbecoming an officer with loss of rank, and during World War II he had no contact with the Navy Reserve. With the promotion came greater recognition. Both towns were burned and Lidice's ruins were levelled. We had to deal with expelling immigrants and traitors. In 1939 Heydrich became head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Central Office), which was in charge of all security and secret police in the Third Reich. Generl v srdci neptele s cenou t diviz", "SOE a pprava atenttu na Reinharda Heydricha", "The Path to the Mass Murder of European Jews, part 2. WebReinhard Heydrich was born on March 7 1904, in Halle, to Richard Bruno Heydrich and Elisabeth Krantz. She spoke with several authors, wrote letters of correction to many newspapers, and defended the reputation of her first husband (Heydrich) until her death at age 74 in August 1985 in Fehmarn. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Reinhard Heydrich, in full Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, byname The Hangman, German Der Henker, (born March 7, 1904, Halle, Germanydied June 4, 1942, Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia [now in Czech Republic]), Nazi German official who was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the Schutzstaffel (Protective [132] Himmler ordered Karl Gebhardt to fly to Prague to assume care. [153][154] Overall, at least 1,300Czechs, including 200 women, were killed in reprisal for Heydrich's assassination. To counteract these rumors, Heydrich told people he had joined several antisemitic and nationalist organizations, such as the Deutschvlkischer Schutz und Trutzbund. "[91], Heydrich came to Prague to enforce policy, fight resistance to the Nazi regime, and keep up production quotas of Czech motors and arms that were "extremely important to the German war effort". [10], Lina Heydrich gave birth to two sons, Klaus (born 17 June 1933) and Heider (born 23 December 1934). None of Hitlers lieutenants did more to realize the Final Solution than Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich. With this appointment by Hitler, Himmler and his deputy, Heydrich, became two of the most powerful men in the internal administration of Germany. Rhm was shot without trial, along with the leadership of the SA. Later, in the Soviet Union, they were charged with rounding up and murdering Jews via firing squad and gas vans. By year's end there were over fifty camps. Stalin ordered one of his best NKVD agents, General Nikolai Skoblin, to pass Heydrich false information suggesting that Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky and other Soviet generals were plotting against Stalin. A Gestapo report stated that Lidice, 22 kilometres (14mi) north-west of Prague, was suspected as the assailants' hiding place because several Czech army officers, then in England, had come from there; additionally, the Gestapo had found a resistance radio transmitter in Leky. People were arrested arbitrarily, sent to concentration camps, or killed. Eberstein and Heydrich's families were both from Halle on the Saale. [117] In May 1941 Heydrich drew up regulations with Quartermaster general Eduard Wagner for the upcoming invasion of the Soviet Union, which ensured that the Einsatzgruppen and army would co-operate in murdering Soviet Jews. Intelligence falsely linked the assassins to the towns of Lidice and Leky. The material was delivered to the NKVD. Heydrich's third name, "Eugen", was his late maternal grandfather's forename (Eugen Krantz had been the director of the Dresden Royal Conservatory). [62], On 17 June 1936, all police forces throughout Germany were united, following Hitler's appointment of Himmler as Chief of German Police. [26] Early in 1931 Heydrich was charged with "conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman" for a breach of promise, having been engaged to marry another woman he had known for six months before the Lina von Osten engagement. [75], On 27 September 1939, the SD and SiPo made up of the Gestapo and the Criminal Police, or Kripo were folded into the new Reich Security Main Office or Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA), which was placed under Heydrich's control. After the death of his brother, Heinz Heydrich helped Jews escape the Holocaust. Gregor Strasser passed the allegations on to the Nazi Party's racial expert, Achim Gercke, who investigated Heydrich's genealogy. [76] The title of Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD (Chief of Security Police and SD) or CSSD was conferred on Heydrich on 1 October. [31][32] Six weeks later, on 14 July, he joined the SS. On that day, Klaus was cycling with his brother Heider Heydrich in the courtyard of the Castle Panensk Beany (Jungfern-Breschan). Soon after a chance introduction to Himmler, Heydrich was entrusted with the organization of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD; Security Service), the intelligence and surveillance arm of the SS. [144] Lina wrote a memoir, Leben mit einem Kriegsverbrecher (Living With a War Criminal), which was published in 1976. He established the much-feared counter-intelligence unit with the S.S., the SD, and went on to head the Gestapo and unite the German police under the control of his mentor, Heinrich Himmler. Heydrich was the lead speaker. WebI fondamenti ideologici Heinrich Himmler in uniforme da Reichsfhrer-SS. Himmler initially forbade Heydrich from flying combat missions, but later relented, allowing him to join Jagdgeschwader 77 in Norway, where he was stationed from 15 April 1940 during Operation Weserbung. WebWe would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. [14], Lina Heydrich was cleared during the de-Nazification proceedings after the war's end. [24], In 1922, Heydrich joined the German Navy (Reichsmarine), taking advantage of the security, structure, and pension it offered. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Admiral Erich Raeder dismissed Heydrich from the navy that April. Soon afterward Heydrich and Adolf Eichmann began organizing the first deportations of Jews from Germany and Austria to ghettos in occupied Poland. [126], On 27 May 1942, Heydrich planned to meet Hitler in Berlin. [12] Lina wanted to have the driver and all passengers shot, but the investigation found the driver not guilty. [13] The family lived there until April 1945 when they, along with many other Germans left the area to flee the advancing Soviet Red Army. The project was named Operation Reinhard after Heydrich. [c] The Einsatzgruppen units followed the army into Poland to implement the plans. [34], In 1936, Heydrich learned that a top-ranking Soviet officer was plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin. Establishing ghettos in the Protectorate was also planned, resulting in the construction of the Theresienstadt Ghetto,[120] where 33,000 people would eventually die. the planned total measures are to be kept strictly secret the first prerequisite for the final aim ("Endziel") is the concentration of the Jews from the countryside into the larger cities. As head of the Gestapo, Heydrich could incarcerate enemies of the Reich at will. [130][131], A Czech woman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. This led to the sweeping use of Schutzhaft"protective custody", a euphemism for the power to imprison people without judicial proceedings. [115] Heydrich ensured the safety of certain athletes, such as Paul Sommer, a Jewish German champion fencer he knew from his pre-SS days, and the Polish Olympic fencing team that competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics.[116]. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum.[134]. They became romantically involved and soon announced their engagement on 18 December 1930. On 30 June 1934 the SS and Gestapo acted in coordinated mass arrests that continued for two days. On 1 April 1924 he was promoted to senior midshipman (Oberfhnrich zur See) and sent to officer training at the Naval Academy Mrwik. He was later executed in retaliation for Heydrich's assassination. Supporters of the assassins who were killed in the wake of these events included the church's leader, Bishop Gorazd, who is now revered as a martyr of the Orthodox Church. [31], In 1931, Heinrich Himmler began setting up a counterintelligence division of the SS. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (/hadrk/ HEYE-drik; German: [anhat tstan n had] (listen); 7 March 1904 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust. This was largely symbolic, as Heydrich was too young for military service. An entire village, Lidice, where the commandos were falsely alleged to have received help, was decimated. Commissioned as a naval officer, he was discharged in 1931 after a naval court of honour found him guilty of misconduct (for refusing to marry a shipyard directors daughter with whom he had had an affair). WebCourtesy of the United State Holocaust Memorial Museum. [39] At first he had to share an office and typewriter with a colleague, but by 1932 Heydrich was earning 290 Reichsmarks a month (equivalent to 1,191 in 2021), a salary he described as "comfortable". 1 Miembro de la Schutzstaffel, obtuvo el rango de SS-Oberfhrer, y fue un protegido personal de Hermann Gring. He was baptized a Roman Catholic. Their father, Bruno Heydrich was a composer and opera singer. [3] He was also a friend of Lina Heydrich, Reinhard Heydrich's wife. He was placed on his stomach in the back of the van and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital. Jan Kubi and Jozef Gabk headed the team chosen for the mission, trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). [133] Heydrich reconciled himself to his fate on 2 June, during a visit by Himmler, by reciting one of his father's operas:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The world is just a barrel-organ which the Lord God turns Himself. Moment commuter blasts eco-zealots, Royal superfans camping on The Mall ahead of King's Coronation, Historic chairs to be reused by the King for the coronation service, Hundreds of Household Division members rehearse for coronation, Russian freight train derails and bursts into flames after explosion, Women's rights activists and pro-trans campaigners separated, Cambridge students party in the park during annual celebrations, Moment bull suffers catastrophic injuries after leaping from bridge, LGBTQ+ supporters demand Ryan Webb resign at council meeting, Braverman: People crossing Channel are 'at odds with British values'. Reinhard proudly showed off his baby daughter and they had a close relationship. By October he had created a network of spies and informers for intelligence-gathering purposes and to obtain information to be used as blackmail to further political aims. Those associated with it or the resistance movement were tortured or executed. In his early life, he had a strong desire to join the army. [90] He viewed the area as a bulwark of Germandom and condemned the Czech resistance's "stabs in the back". [46] Gercke reported that Heydrich was "of German origin and free from any coloured and Jewish blood". [10] He engaged his younger brother, Heinz, in mock fencing duels. Courtesy of Stephen and Irene Parris. But many believe it would besmirch the memory of tens of thousands of Czechs and Slovaks who died under Nazi occupation to have any part in a scheme associated with Heydrich. [142] Hitler planned for Heydrich to have a monumental tomb (designed by sculptor Arno Breker and architect Wilhelm Kreis) but, due to Germany's declining fortunes, it was never built. [95][96][97], In March 1942, further sweeps against Czech cultural and patriotic organisations, the military, and the intelligentsia resulted in the practical paralysis of the London-based Czech resistance. Heinrich Himmler was born on October 7, 1900 to a middle-class family in Munich, Germany. [46], In mid-1932, Himmler appointed Heydrich chief of the renamed security servicethe Sicherheitsdienst (SD). WebIn 1936, the leaders appointed 32-year-old Heydrich, chief of the newly created security policy. Conditions in Prague and the rest of the Czech lands were relatively peaceful under Heydrich, and industrial output increased. Some info about Reinhard Heydrich family: Father: Bruno Heydrich Reinhard Heydrich Married to: Lina von Osten Children: Klaus, born 1933, Died in traffic accident 1943 Heider, born 1934 Silke, born 9.4.1939 Marte, born 1942 Siblings to Reinhard Heydrich: Maria Heydrich Heinz Heydrich He received severance pay of 200 Reichsmarks (equivalent to 755 in 2021) a month for the next two years. [33] His party number was 544,916 and his SS number was 10,120. The exact number of people who vanished under it has never been positively established, but it is estimated to be 7,000. He helped organise Kristallnacht, a series of coordinated attacks against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on 910 November 1938. Reinhard Klaus [111][112], On Himmler's instructions, Heydrich formed the Einsatzgruppen (task forces) to travel in the wake of the German armies at the start of World War II. [64] At that point, Heydrich was head of the SiPo and SD. Do not sell or share my personal information. [152], All but four of the women from Lidice were deported immediately to Ravensbrck concentration camp (four were pregnant they were subjected to forced abortions at the same hospital where Heydrich had died and the women were then sent to the concentration camp). WebNazi German official Reinhard Heydrich was Heinrich Himmler s chief lieutenant in the paramilitary corps known as the Schutzstaffel (Protective Echelon), or SS. [77] Heydrich became the president of the International Criminal Police Commission (later known as Interpol) on 24 August 1940,[78] and its headquarters were transferred to Berlin. [100] The black market was suppressed. Lina's older brother Hans had joined the Nazi Party and was a member of the Sturmabteilung (SA). [28] Heydrich married Lina in December 1931. Reinhard Heydrich was one of the main architects of the Final Solution.. He excelled in his schoolwork at the secular "Reformgymnasium", especially in the sciences. Heydrich made an emergency landing behind enemy lines. Eventually, they married for the purpose of changing her last name. The Gestapo was considered to be acting legally as long as it was carrying out the leadership's will. She was declared entitled to a substantial pension as her husband was a German general killed in action. Eventually an entrance was made using explosives. In late February 1919, civil unrestincluding strikes and clashes between communist and anti-communist groupstook place in Heydrich's home town of Halle. Up to 200 people were killed in the action. Music was a part of Heydrich's everyday life; his father founded the Halle Conservatory of Music, Theatre, and Teaching and his mother taught piano there. Heydrich entered into the Hamburg SS on 14 July. It was from the castle that Heydrich, who chaired the 1941 Wannsee Conference in Berlin that signed off the Holocaust programme, plotted SS round-ups of resisters. In September 1941 Heydrich had been appointed Reichsprotektor (governor) of Bohemia and Moravia (now in the Czech Republic). WebFour children: Klaus (1933-1943), Heider (1934), Silke (1939), Marte (1942). Reinhard heydrich part iii codoh. In 1976, she published a memoir, Leben mit einem Kriegsverbrecher (Life with a War Criminal). [119] The officers attending also discussed taking 5,000 Jews from Prague "in the next few weeks" and handing them over to the Einsatzgruppen commanders Arthur Nebe and Otto Rasch. "armdn generl in memoriam Alois Eli", "Pohnut Osudy: Alois Eli. The family made it to Bavaria and then moved back to the island of Fehmarn where they were allowed to live in their house after the British Army moved out that same year. He said: 'I don't have a problem. Rudolf Diels ( Berghausen, Renania 16 de diciembre de 1900 Katzenelnbogen, 18 de noviembre de 1957) fue un abogado y funcionario alemn que ejerci como primer lder de la Gestapo, en 1933-1934. [139] The exact burial spot is no longer public knowledgea temporary wooden marker that disappeared when the Red Army overran the city in 1945 was never replaced, so that Heydrich's grave could not become a rallying point for Neo-Nazis. [148], Infuriated by Heydrich's death, Hitler ordered the arrest and execution of 10,000 randomly selected Czechs. [89], On 27 September 1941, Heydrich was appointed Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (the part of Czechoslovakia incorporated into the Reich on 15 March 1939) and assumed control of the territory. Corrections? [149] Hitler ordered a quick investigation. [101] Food rations and free shoes were distributed, pensions were increased, and (for a time) free Saturdays were introduced. [47] Nazi Gauleiter Rudolf Jordan claimed Heydrich was not a pure Aryan. [140], Heydrich's widow Lina won the right to a pension following a series of court cases against the West German government in 1956 and 1959. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Heydrich masterminded the fake Polish attack on the Gleiwitz radio transmitter that provided Hitler with a pretext for invading Poland on September 1, 1939. He evaded a Soviet patrol and contacted a forward German patrol. After Heydrich's death, implementation of the policies formalised at the Wannsee conference he chaired was accelerated. [93][b] Those who were not executed were sent to Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, where only four per cent of Czech prisoners survived the war.
Lincoln Village Columbus, Ohio Crime,
Who Does Colin Bridgerton Marry,
Articles R