~France The Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG) course introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth's surface. But thats a hard sell to some lawmakers and advocates pushing to put more people of color in statehouses and Congress. Summary: The Best AP Human Geography Review Guide. During this interview we discuss his approach to . This shows grade level based on the word's complexity. A group of people who think of themselves as one based on a sense of shared culture and history, and who seek some degree of political-territorial independence. the right of a state to defend soverign territory against incurrsion from other states, Peace negotiated in 1648 to end the Thirty Years' War, Europe's most destructive internal struggle over religion. Suppose the government wants to levy a new excise tax. Review the hand-picked FRQs to help you score points remember that FRQs are 50% of the exam! (ii) 6%? Hollier, like other Black lawmakers, is furious, saying that move jeopardizes Black elected officials. Such homogeneity actually prevails within very few states. What is a functional analysis, according to Gingles? At the other extreme, Democrats filed a lawsuit this month alleging that Alabama Republicans improperly packed Black voters into the states 7th Congressional District, making it home to nearly one out of every three African Americans in the state. The ending cash balance recorded in the bank statement is $13,145. Examples: Sweden|Finland, Focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement. 1. A majority-minority district is a district in which a racial minority group or groups comprise a majority of the district's total population. In the context of redistricting, federal law provides that majority-minority districts can be created in order to prevent the dilution of minorities' voting strength in compliance with the Voting Rights Act of 1965. d. An investment balance of$358,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. A territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory. Redistricting is the process of enacting new congressional and state legislative district boundaries.. All United States Representatives and state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. relating to a population in which more than half represent social, ethnic, or racial minorities, and in which fewer members of the more socially, politically, or financially dominant group are represented: Seriously, Democrats: Youre Done in Dixie. Essentially, it refers to a people without a state. Both are Democrats. A neighbor sells life insurance and wants you So what should a new Republican politics for a majority-minority nation look like? The table below provides demographic data for each majority-minority district in the United States House of Representatives as of 2021. Click the card to flip 1 / 19 Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by annmarie317 Lecture 15 - 125V Segura Terms in this set (19) The idea that "intellectuals of statecraft" construct ideas about places, these ideas influence and reinforce their political behaviors and policy choices, and these ideas affect how we, the people, process our own notions of places and politics. What are Section 2 claims? ~Territories have control over policies and funds. Using data provided in the United States Census Bureau's 2021 American Community Survey and based on districts enacted after the 2010 census, the United States was home to 138 congressional majority-minority districts. The risks in balancing the racial composition of districts were illustrated in this months Virginia elections. 160914065: malapportionment: The creation of congressional districts in a state which are of unequal size. Now, only 18 of the 53 members of the Congressional Black Caucus were elected in districts that are majority African American. The forces within a state that unify the people. steve stricker wrist lock; what channel are the st louis cardinals playing on today Examples: Allows states within the state to determine "moral" laws such as death penalty, access to alcohol, and concealed weapons. How can the winner of the popular vote lose the presidency? Is resulting public policy more or less conducive to minority interests? newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. It is estimated that warranty repairs will average $10 per unit sold, and 30% of the repairs will be made in Year 1 and 70% in Year 2. What we have done is taken those areas and divided them into multiple districts so that theres actually more districts where minority voters will be able to elect their candidates of choice, which should actually have the effect of increasing the representation among the African American community, Szetela said. Some courts have decided to use a "bright line" of 50%. Its got nothing to do with me. In 2021, there were 138 majority-minority districts in the United States House of Representatives in 27 states. Kim Soffen, writing for The Washington Post in June 2016, summarized this argument as follows:[17], Critics argue that, because minority groups tend to vote Democratic, majority-minority districts ultimately present an unfair advantage to Republicans by consolidating Democratic votes into a smaller number of districts. Bi-polar (Cold War era 1945-1990) Its Black voting-age population would drop to 42%. Click "[show]" on the table below to see the complete data set. The term is derived from the name of Gov. World order in which one state is in a position of dominance with allies following rather than joining the political decision-making process. It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area. There are plenty of stateless nations in the world today. By and large, Black people vote for Black people and white people vote for white people, Hollier said. processes that incorporate higher levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology; generate more wealth than periphery processes in the world economy. answer choices It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state. In 2020, for example, racial minorities won 19 of 20 legislative seats where Black people constitute at least 35% of the voting-age population. Redistricting is the process by which the boundaries of US congressional and state legislative district boundaries are drawn. \text{ } & \text{No.} Geography frustrates that aspiration, Johnson says, even though the Milwaukee metropolitan area's Hispanic population grew by 24 . The actual number of ounces in a 1-gallon bottle of laundry detergent, incorporation of a territory into another geopolitical entity. ~Spatial conflicts. They have opened themselves terribly to a Voting Rights Act challenge, he said. A majority-minority district is one in which a racial or language minority group comprises a voting majority. The interaction (interplay) among geography, power, politics, and international relations. Although the total book and fair values of Altgelds net assets amounting to $3.2 million, the price paid for these shares was$340,000. *Anticipate minority population growth. Others include Palestinians, Basques, and Roma. Redlining--the practice of denying borrowers access to credit based on the location of properties in minority or economically disadvantaged neighborhoods . The challengers alleged that the new maps "impaired black citizens' ability to elect representatives of their choice in violation of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act." Mackinder further proposed that since Eastern Europe controlled access to the Eurasian . Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj 4. 6. Which of the following describe continuous random variables? Drawing electoral (voting) districts to benefit one political group over another. a geographical hypothesis proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first 2 decades of the 20th century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain significant strength to eventually dominate the world. Multi-polar (Coalition forces in first Gulf War, 1991) Government based on the principal that the people are the ultimate sovereign and have the final say over what happens within the state. Its just the reality. to buy a universal life policy with a $100,000 face value. This was not true of the past. Key terms Cases to know Brown v. ~A politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a system of government. He's taught courses in World History, Political Science, Geography, and Public Speaking. Please check your inbox to confirm. BEfore that, some majority-minority district existed, but out of geographical happenstance (not intentionally). In an April 2015 report for the Congressional Research Service, legislative attorney L. Paige Whitaker described this argument as follows:[7], In addition, supporters argue that the drawing of majority-minority districts has resulted in an increased number of minority representatives in state legislatures and Congress. Ethnic nationalism is the result of an ethnic group making tangible efforts to assert its importance and rights. Invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. Race is collected through the decennial United States census. Ex: European Union. Would you consider purchasing a different type of life insurance policy? Delimit: Draw the boundary on a map The movement of power from the central government to regional (local) governments within the state. . CAN YOU ANSWER THESE COMMON GRAMMAR DEBATES? judge timothy kenny political affiliation. The treaties contained new language recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders, and guarantees of security, in a general sense, associated with the promothion of commercialism and trade. Districts in the table below reflect the 118th Congress.[1]. What, if any, comparable reporting is provided by public universities? Examples: United Kingdom, France, China, ~State is organized into territories. The black, Latino, and Asian representatives mostly were replacing white Democrats, and the increase in minority representation was coming at the expense of electing fewer Democrats. Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface. 2536+5146\begin{array}{r} ~Nourishment=Territory, ~Sir Halford J. Mackinder proposed the Heartland Theory. What are the electoral effects of majority-minority districts? The following summary is from AMSCO AP Human Geography: Today's political map consists mostly of independent states in which all territory is connected, and most people share a language and other cultural traits. Definition. The "majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable itusually to defeat the minority's preferred candidate." 3. The acqusiion of gold and silver and the maintenance of a favorable trade balance were central to to policy. The federal government requires that districts must have nearly equal populations . The group claimed that the districts were racial gerrymanders that violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Race is collected through the decennial United States census . I get what Republicans have done, completely, but Im not willing to sacrifice Black representation and brown representation, Im just not, said Sen. Lena Taylor, one of two African American Democrats in the Wisconsin state Senate, who voted against her partys map. The following provides information from the company's cash ledger for the month ending February 28, 2018. ~The first political geographer who studied these issues was the German professor Friedrich Ratzel. The effect was to pack Democrats into just a few districts and leave other parts of the state more safely Republican. The process through which something is given monetary value; occurs when a good or idea that previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turned into something that has a particular price and that can be traded in a market economy. The drawing of majority-minority districts not only elected more minorities, it also had the effect of bleeding minority voters out of all the surrounding districts. Are racially drawn districts constitutionally permissible? What did they feel they were responsible for? Yugoslavia was a state that always had more than one nation, and eventually the state collapsed and dissolved into several states each having a distinct culture. *Had to make sure that their districts and forms of representation passed Gingles and other cases (Evaluate their own representation schemes, as if they a. By 1998 the number had grown to more than 8,858. The right of a state to defend sovereign territory against invasion from other states. The 1982 Amendments to the VRA specifically named outcomes as a focus of evaluation (?). The racial or language minority group "is sufficiently numerous and compact to form a majority in a single-member district." The minority group is "politically cohesive," meaning its members tend to vote similarly. A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. I got a 100/100 on this set. As of the 118th congress, there are 37 majority-Hispanic or Latino congressional districts. government based on the principle that the people are the ultimate soverign and have the final say over what happens within the state. Dictionary.com Unabridged The five themes of geography are: Location. 2. Unilateralism (present). What effects, if any, do majority-minority districts have on the voters in that district? But politics has changed dramatically since the law was passed in 1965. Types of random variables. The other, Sen. LaTonya Johnson, disagreed, saying the Democratic plan was far better than the alternative: I dont believe that the maps proposed would block Black candidates of choice, but I would rather have to fight harder for my seat than have my community suffer another 10 years under a Republican gerrymander.. No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. A principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legiitmate rulers of independent states. The Supreme Court in 1964 eliminated the practice by requiring that all districts in a state contain about the same number of people. Students cultivate their understanding of human geography through data and geographic analyses as they explore topics like patterns and spatial organization, human impacts and interactions with their environment, and spatial processes and societal changes. Example: Chile and Argentina, Conflict over the location or place of a boundary. a principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2023, / mdr ti mnr ti, mdr ti mnr ti, ma-, /. A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te. Unit 4 Summary. ", "The minority group must be able to show that it is politically cohesive. (Peripheral, Semi-peripheral, Core).