Demographically, 241,932 were sixty and older, 145,294 between forty and sixty, 81,572 between thirty and forty, and 17,995 under thirty years of age. Civilian Positions; Deputy Sheriff; Detention Officer; Emergency Dispatcher; Posse; Annual Accomplishments; Go. 3] Monitorul Oficial, partea a II-a (22 November 1990). Phoenix police made eight arrests this week as they searched the downtown encampment of tents known as "The Zone," where many unhoused people live. The 1987 Instructions confirmed that the political police opened files for information network members, be they informers, residents, supporting individuals or hosts of meeting places. The instructions told agents what to do in case collaboration was accepted, but remained silent on cases when candidates refused to collaborate. For example, when the card for file Stan was received, the personnel created additional cards for Stana, Stancu, and Stanca., The archive in its entirety was grouped in collections or fonds (fonduri). Some 60 percent of the Securitate archive is housed with the Romanian Information Service in large warehouses situated in military units located in Bucharest and the counties, relates to domestic repression and remains out of the public's reach. On 11 February 1948 there were 3,549 employees, of whom 64 percent were workers, 4 percent peasants, 2 percent intellectuals and 28 percent clerks. 225 West Madison Street, 1 st Floor. I am the author of Leaders and Laggards: Governance, Civicness and Ethnicity in Post-Communist Romania (Boulder: East European Monographs, 2003), and the editor of Romania in Transition (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1997). Taking no pleasure in reporting, realizing the unethical nature of their collaboration, and helping themselves more than the Securitate, these informers kept the meetings with the liaison officer or resident short, and refrained from passing judgment on the victim's activity. The 1987 top secret "Instructions on Setting Up and Using the Securitate Informer Network" explained the difference between these four categories. Maricopa County criminal records are official documents that give comprehensive information about the criminal history of persons within the county. All of you'll travel abroad. With all its shortcomings, the Securitate archive remains a valuable source of information that hopefully will become available to historians, political scientists, sociologists and other researchers interested in state-society relations, dissidence, terror and repression or life under the Romanian communist regime. 6-8, C. Troncota, Istoria Securitatii regimului communist din Romania, 1948-1964 (Bucharest: Institutul National pentru Studiul Totalitarismului, 2003), pp. A meeting place could be used by only one agent (Article 8). Then I was introduced in a cellI was alone. The Maricopa County Public Record links below open in a new . There were strict regulations not always observed - on when, who and how to open and close these files, which documents to attach in what order. 38] Tanase, Acasa se vorbeste in soapta, pp. 341-359, Kieran Williams and Dennis Deletant, Security Intelligence Services in New Democracies (London: Palgrave, 2001), Larry L. Watts, Intelligence Reform in Europes Emerging Democracies, Studies in Intelligence vol. By March 2004, only 37 individuals had asked for manuscripts, receiving a total of around 50,000 pages. In 1960, Colonel Alexoaie of the Barlad Securitate office told Zugravu: This work [as an informer] would be advantageous for you and your entire family. Other informers relished in their new role, writing long, detailed reports of everything they saw and heard in the company of the victim, offering their own interpretation of events and even designing strategies to obtain additional information and penetrate even further into the victim's inner space. The correspondence collection (fondul corespondenta) was made up of correspondence between different Securitate and Ministry of Interior units and between them and other state institutions and party structures.[23]. Its 267 employees set up a complete and user-friendly system identifying individuals pursued by the Securitate, and received, registered and classified the files opened for such individuals. For example, all mail interception reports were kept together to help other officers identify specific information without having to read the entire file. Not all denunciations were handwritten and signed by the informer, as the latter could refuse or the circumstances of the agent-informer meeting might not allow the informer to sit down and write the note. 15 November 1987, Brasov (Bucharest: Polirom, 2003), Lavinia Stan, Access to Securitate Files: The Trials and Tribulations of a Romanian Law, East European Politics and Society vol. Historians Marius Oprea and Stejarel Olaru (2003) explored one of the few instances of collective opposition toward the Ceausescu regime with the help of Securitate documents and interviews with participants in the Brasov workers' uprising of 15 November 1987. The report was followed by a number of documents detailing the victims activity, the notes filled by informers, neighbors or workmates, the agents requests for information from other Securitate structures, periodical analyses in which the agent and his superiors evaluated the progress of the investigation (including strategies to solve the case, specific deadlines and each officers responsibilities), the report on the termination of surveillance, the decision to archive the file and eventually the stamp attesting that the file had been microfiched. The Maricopa County Police Department maintains detailed records on arrests, investigations, and the actions of police officers and makes many . Sometimes the front page bore the conspiratorial alias the informer assumed, but in case the same person acted during two different periods under two different aliases the two resulting informer volumes were classified as a single file. The Czech Republic, Slovakia and Romania (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), and Lavinia Stan, Our Spies Keeper: The Romanian Information Service, paper presented at the Canadian Assoiciation of Slavists annual meeting, June 2004, Winnipeg. Former political prisoner Cezar Zugravu described four successive attempts to recruit him, and the agents' sweeping promises, which were too good to ever become reality. I thank Florin Abraham for his support in accessing materials published in Arhivele totalitarismului, Stejarel Olaru, Mircea Stanescu and Gabriel Catalan for helping me understand the intricacies of archival investigation, Paul Goma for his hospitality, and Major-General Marius-Sorin Brateanu and archivist Nevian Tunareanu for giving me access to the Securitate archive and its documents. Within a month the army officer was arrested, interrogated and condemned to four years jail time for crimes he did not commit. Residents were selected from among retired Securitate agents, informers or experienced supporting individuals, but not from those recruited through blackmail or with known anticommunist opinions, whose loyalty to the political police was hard to sustain (Article 7). Securitate agents were instructed to cease collaboration with individuals with criminal record, individuals who did not collaborate loyally and individuals who made their ties to the political police known, but when and how collaboration was terminated depended on the agent more than the informer. The criminal investigation collection (fondul de ancheta penala) included the criminal investigation files and the prison files of persons already sentenced or investigated for actions against state security. The network collection (fondul de retea) consisted of personal files of the Securitate informers and individuals who refused to collaborate with the Securitate. In 1998, writer Romulus Rusan quoted Pintilies statement to the Chamber of Deputies that the estimated total number of Securitate files lost during the December 1989 March 1990 period is 130,000, of which only a tiny number were recovered from those who retained them illegally.[29], There is evidence that in the early 1990s former Securitate officers working for the Information Service tried to destroy thousands of political police files and standardized forms in an ill-conceived operation that was eventually revealed to the press. Equally varied were the reasons why informers ceased their activity, besides death or illegal emigration. 0:04. First, we'll bury your file as a political prisoner. In summer 2001, the National Council allowed writer Stelian Tanase to read a copy of his two-volume file with the names of third parties deleted, as the legislation required. According to the Instructions, the informers had to sign the pledge with their nicknames, if these had already been selected, and the pledge could be tailored for each new recruit. 478-492. After a nationwide search, the Maricopa County Community College District (MCCCD) and Glendale Community College (GCC) are pleased to announce Tiffany Hernandez, Ph.D., as the next President of GCC. 45 (1998). 125-134. Lavinia Stan received her PhD from the University of Toronto, and then joined the Department of Political Science at St. Francis Xavier University in Nova Scotia, where she heads the Center for Post-Communist Studies. The Judicial Branch of Arizona in Maricopa County - Law Library Resource Center CRSR1 Sealing a Criminal Record You may use the forms on this page if the following factors apply to your situation : You may use the instructions and forms to ask the Court to seal your criminal case records if . The Visa Waiver Program (VWP) allows citizens of participating countries* to travel to the United States without a visa for stays of 90 days or less, when they meet all requirements. 1-2 (2000), p. 16. (The system is unavailable Tuesday through Saturday from 3:00 am to 4:00 am.) If the victim was incarcerated, the file also contained interrogation memos. He only suffered because of his writings. A trusted Securitate informer, Cristescu even dared to admit that he had accepted Tanases request to make his home available for meetings with the translator, and detailed the system the three of them would use to keep the meetings secret from the political police. After 2000, the Information Service published the list of authors whose manuscripts were found in the Securitate archives for the authors descendants to reclaim the writings. The victims file (which could include from one to as many as 19 different volumes) usually began with the report in which the officer explained to his superior why the person had to be placed under surveillance (to be worked), and not, as one might expect, with the denunciation that started off the surveillance process. Such reports were important for the data they provided on members of the Romanian groups traveling abroad and the political opinions and activity of the Romanian diaspora. Tonto National Forest; Compliance. West Court Building, 3rd Floor. The most important cleavage dividing the informer network related to party membership, with party members working for the political police being known as "collaborators" and non-party members being labeled as "informers," a difference not necessarily translated in the kind of information the two groups provided. Each Securitate county branch organized its archival materials alphabetically, and kept documents that pertained to persons located and events taking place in the respective county.
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