34So you shall be driven mad because of the sight which your eyes see. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! News and Interpretations on the Bible and Ancient Near East History. The particular curse form common to the Old Aramaic inscriptions and Deuteronomy 28 can be described as curses of futility, with a characteristic syntactical form and commonalities in both vocabulary and ideation. WebDeuteronomy 28:18-24New International Version. Instead of Israels being set high above all the nations of the earth, all these curses shall come upon you and overtake you (same verbs as 28:2) The presence of this curse language, also found in various ancient Near Eastern treaties, emphasizes the seriousness of infidelity in Israels relationship with Yahweh. As well as helping us to understand the compositional process that belies the book of Deuteronomy, this recognition increases our understanding of the ritual context of treaty formation in the ancient Near East. (:49-52) Relentless Tactics of the Lords Agents of Destruction, 1. SAA, II; Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. Rather, Deuteronomy 28 mediates between the traditions of the East and West, featuring characteristic examples of the Northwest Semitic futility curse type, as well as curses more common to Akkadian, East Semitic texts like the Esarhaddon Treaties. Web1. But it shall come about, if you will not obey the LORD your God, to observe to do all His commandments and His statutes, that all these curses shall come upon you and overtake you.. Deuteronomy. 26:26; Deut. Traces of Assyrian Treaty Formulae in Deuteronomy,Biblica46: 417-427. Crouch, Carly L. 2014. Cuneiform Literacy and Deuteronomic Composition,Bibliotheca Orientalis62: 204-213. A comparable situation is found in Jeremiah 34: 18 I will make the men who violated My covenant, who did not fulfill the terms of the covenant which they made before Me, like the calf which they cut in two so as to pass between the halves: 19 The officers of Judah and Jerusalem, the officials, the priests, and all the people of the land who passed between the halves of the calf. (F), 19You will be cursed when you come in and cursed when you go out.(G). Placing the biblical curses within the larger context of this ancient Near Eastern material provides new insights into the background and function of the curses in the book of Deuteronomy. (:37) Psychological Opposition Humiliating Disgrace, And you shall become a horror, a proverb, and a taunt among all the people where the LORD will drive you., 3. Deuteronomy 28:1 - And it shall come to pass, if thou shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of the LORD thy God, to observe [and] to do all his commandments which I command thee this day, that the LORD thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the earth: Deuteronomy 28:2 - And all WebLife and Death, Blessing and Curse In part one (00:00-18:28), Tim and Jon dive into the final movement of Deuteronomy and begin tracing the words blessing and curse. You GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. 30You will be pledged to be married to a woman, but another will take her and rape her. DepartmentBldg Tucson, AZ 85721 TEL 520-621-6897 FAX 520-626-9014. What are the curses God promised Israel for disobedience? Eugene Merrill: As impervious as these metals are to water and tools, so both the heavens and the earth would be in the day of calamity. 51They will devour the young of your livestock and the crops of your land until you are destroyed. Immediately following this statement, the text shifts again, employing further curses in the guise of the futility form. New King James Version (NKJV). gain access to 50+ premium resources to enhance your study of Scripture. 28. The Book of Deuteronomy. 2002. (BT) 52They will lay siege(BU) to all the cities throughout your land until the high fortified walls in which you trust fall down. In Deuteronomy, this is taken further still, thus Impress these My words upon the doorposts of your house and on your gates (Deut. Deuteronomy marries curses from the East Semitic world with native Northwest Semitic traditions, opposing the traditions against each other in a playful exchange (Quick 2017). Your sheep will be given to your enemies, and no one will rescue them. 26 And your carcasses shall be food to all birds of the sky and to the beasts of the earth, and there shall be no one to frighten them away., The LORD will smite you with the boils of Egypt and with tumors, and with the scab and with the itch, from which you cannot be healed.. Continues after advertising. And the Lord shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships ,. (Q) 23The sky over your head will be bronze, the ground beneath you iron. III. Esarhaddon was the third king of the Sargonid Dynasty of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, and the Succession Treaties are the formal record of a treaty concerning the royal succession of Esarhaddons chosen heir, his son Assurbanipal, in Assyria, written in 672 BCE. (AK), 36The Lord will drive you and the king(AL) you set over you to a nation unknown to you or your ancestors. 19Cursed shall you be when you come in, and cursed shall you be when you go out. Their children will multiply and be healthy. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! 6:28, 29; Jer. Hebrew Root. 39You shall plant vineyards and tend them, but you shall neither drink of the (AB)wine nor gather the grapes; for the worms shall eat them. For in her dire need she intends to eat them(CA) secretly because of the suffering your enemy will inflict on you during the siege of your cities. These hyperbolic expressions declare Yahwehs goal: to destroy the covenantal triangle and in effect wipe out the nation itself. 33A nation whom you have not known shall eat (U)the fruit of your land and the produce of your labor, and you shall be only oppressed and crushed continually. The basest human (or animal?) Like an eagle swooping down on his prey, he will attack his targets suddenly and without warning. Frankena, Rintje. 63And it shall be, that just as the Lord (AV)rejoiced over you to do you good and multiply you, so the Lord (AW)will rejoice over you to destroy you and bring you to nothing; and you shall be (AX)plucked[q] from off the land which you go to possess. 56The [m]tender and [n]delicate woman among you, who would not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground because of her delicateness and sensitivity, [o]will refuse to the husband of her bosom, and to her son and her daughter, 57her [p]placenta which comes out (AP)from between her feet and her children whom she bears; for she will eat them secretly for lack of everything in the siege and desperate straits in which your enemy shall distress you at all your gates. (:54-55) Monstrous Cannibalism by Even the Most Refined Man, The man who is refined and very delicate among you shall be hostile toward his brother and toward the wife he cherishes and toward the rest of his children who remain, 55 so that he will not give even one of them any of the flesh of his children which he shall eat, since he has nothing else left, during the siege and the distress by which your enemy shall oppress you in all your towns., 3. 6:15; Deuteronomy The first image is tragic: Exhibiting no compassion toward his brothers and remaining children, the father refuses to share with them the flesh of his children. Disobedient to the Lord, however, would mean that God would no longer fight for His people. No. They will pursue you and overtake you(BE) until you are destroyed,(BF) because you did not obey the Lord your God and observe the commands and decrees he gave you. The nature of the sickness is unclear since the generic term deber is used (v. 21). It has become fairly common in the history of the interpretation of the book of Deuteronomy to understand the book as a covenant or treaty detailing the terms of the relationship between God and man, and developed along the same structural lines as ancient Near Eastern treaty texts. Indeed, the text in Deuteronomy seems to build upon and amplify the Akkadian, adding additional clauses that stress the perpetuity of the curse, so you shall never recover with none to give help. WebThe Curses outlined in the book of Deuteronomy chapter 28 are used by many Hebrew Israelite groups or camps as they are often referred to and individuals to prove that the 28The Lord will afflict you with madness, blindness and confusion of mind. These curses are not just speech acts: the text is explicit that an accompanying rite is meant to posit the association between the broken object and the cursed individual. A people whom you do not know shall eat up the produce of your ground and all your labors, and you shall never be anything but oppressed and crushed continually., And you shall be driven mad by the sight of what you see., The LORD will strike you on the knees and legs with sore boils, from which you cannot be healed, from the sole of your foot to the crown of your head.. 51And they shall eat the increase of your livestock and the produce of your land, until you are destroyed; they shall not leave you grain or new wine or oil, or the increase of your cattle or the offspring of your flocks, until they have destroyed you. Salters. (:64) Scattered and Subjected to Foreign Bondage, Moreover, the LORD will scatter you among all peoples, from one end of the earth to the other end of the earth; and there you shall serve other gods, wood and stone, which you or your fathers have not known., And among those nations you shall find no rest, and there shall be no resting place for the sole of your foot; but there the LORD will give you a trembling heart, failing of eyes, and despair of soul. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. What does Deuteronomy 24 teach about divorce. Web22 views, 0 likes, 0 loves, 0 comments, 3 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Baldwin First UMC: 4th Sunday of Easter. (AI) 35The Lord will afflict your knees and legs with painful boils(AJ) that cannot be cured, spreading from the soles of your feet to the top of your head. 29At midday you will grope(AA) about like a blind person in the dark. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. (AC) You will build a house, but you will not live in it. The traditional formulation of the Deuteronomy // Esarhaddon Treaties hypothesis is concerned with Deuteronomy 28:26-35 in comparison with EST 39-42 (for the text, see Parpola and Watanabe 1987; vocalization and translation is my own). Indeed, that the cutting up of an animal in sacrifice also informed the biblical terminology to cut a covenant rather than to establish or set up has been suggested (Day 2003). As the Israelites and Judaeans increasingly interacted with and were subjugated by the Neo-Assyrians, the ritual world of their treaty formulation opened up to include East Semitic practices and idioms and these idioms, translated into Aramaic or Hebrew and shared orally in ritual performance, found their way into the written text of Deuteronomy 28. Deu 28:63 And it shall come to pass, that as the LORD rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you; so the LORD will rejoice over you to destroy you, and to bring you to nought; and ye shall be plucked from off the land whither thou goest to possess it. Jack Deere: Israel had been permitted to serve the Lord but now she would be compelled to serve idols (v. 64). Your donkey will be forcibly taken from you and will not be returned. WebCommanded Commandments Commands Complete Curses Decrees Destroyed Destruction Ear Hearken Hearkened Hearkenedst Keeping Laws Moreover Obey The second speech thus has the pattern of first giving the bigger, governing principles (Deut. (:20-46) DETAILED CURSES DUE TO DISOBEDIENCE, Variety of Curses Leading to Destruction Due to Wicked Covenant Disloyalty. This is the summation These 12 offences are sins that could be committed secretly and therefore escape the notice of the authorities. Daniel Block: The opening declaration (v. 20) may be interpreted as a heading for the entire section, summarizing the key issues in the imprecations: Verses 20 and 4546 frame the first volley of woes, announcing the issues involved. Clearly the ritual context of treaty formation in ancient Israel and Judah involved a complex body of rites and actions, encompassing at the very least signs, sacrifice, the recitation and writing of curses and perhaps a ritual procession between the two halves of an animal as implied in Genesis 15, and explicit in Jeremiah 34. Yahweh repeatedly demanded that his covenantal nation trust him. Moreover, the reduction of numbers from the uncountable stars to the remnant is a deliberate harking back to the covenant promise made to Abraham that his offspring would be as multitudinous as the stars (Gen 15:5; 22:17; cf. WebThe curses of Deuteronomy 28 are suppose to be on Israel "FOREVER" (until YAH returns to redeem them) therefore unless forever ended in 1948 when Israel became a nation If we are to understand anything about the composition of the Hebrew Bible, especially in comparison with texts from the ancient Near East, we must first nuance our attempts with detailed consideration of the writing culture of the ancient Levant incorporating oral and written modes of literary transmission, the Northwest Semitic literary remains, scribal practice, and bilingualism. Several characteristic examples can be found in the Sefire treaties, three treaties written in Old Aramaic and discovered near present day Aleppo. 37And you shall become (X)an[f] astonishment, a proverb, (Y)and a byword among all nations where the Lord will drive you. Try it FREE. 2. If you are not careful to observe all the words of this law which are written in this book, to fear this honored and awesome name, the LORD your God,. No less tragic and stark would be the reversal of the covenant promise concerning the land. The lists of curses in other ancient Near Eastern treaty texts typically were longer than the lists of blessings. Daniel Block: In verse 22 Moses becomes more specific, listing seven afflictions with which Yahweh will strike his people. Dt 29:27; Jos 23:15; 2Ch 12:5; Da 9:11; Mal 2:2, ver 8, 15; Lev 26:16; Jer 42:18; Mal 2:2; 3:9; 4:6, Ps 39:11; 76:6; 80:16; Isa 17:13; 51:20; 54:9; 66:15; Eze 5:15, Lev 26:16; 2Ki 8:1; Job 12:15; Ps 105:16; Jer 14:1; Hag 1:11; Mal 3:9, Lev 26:19; Dt 11:17; 1Ki 8:35; 17:1; Isa 5:6; Jer 14:1; Hag 1:10, 2Ch 29:8; 30:7; Jer 15:4; 24:9; 26:6; 29:18; 44:12; Eze 23:46, Ps 79:2; Isa 18:6; Jer 7:33; 12:9; 15:2; 16:4; 19:7; 34:20, Ge 19:11; Ex 10:21; Job 5:14; 12:25; 24:13; 38:15; Isa 59:10, Jdg 3:9; 2Ki 13:5; Est 4:14; Isa 19:20; 43:11; Hos 13:4; Ob 1:21, S Dt 4:27; 2Ki 24:14; 25:7, 11; 2Ch 33:11; 36:21; Ezr 5:12; Jer 15:14; 16:13; 27:20; 39:1-9; 52:28; La 1:3, Ps 22:7; 39:8; 44:13; 64:8; Jer 18:16; 48:27; Mic 6:16, 1Ki 9:7; Ps 44:14; Jer 19:8; 24:9; 25:9, 18; 29:18; La 2:15, Lev 26:20; Ps 129:7; Isa 5:10; Jer 12:13; Hos 8:7; Mic 6:15; Hag 1:6, 9; 2:16, S Nu 16:38; Ps 71:7; Isa 8:18; 20:3; Eze 5:15; Zec 3:8, Isa 5:26-30, 26; 7:18-20; 39:3; Jer 4:16; 5:15; 6:22; 25:32; 31:8; Hab 1:6, 2Sa 1:23; Jer 4:13; 48:40; 49:22; La 4:19; Eze 17:3, Ps 96:4; Jer 5:22; Mal 1:14; 2:5; 3:5, 16; 4:2, Dt 29:21; 30:10; 31:26; Jos 1:8; 8:34; 23:6; 24:26; 2Ki 14:6; 22:8; 2Ch 17:9; 25:4; Ne 8:1, 18; Mal 4:4, Dt 30:9; Isa 62:5; 65:19; Jer 32:41; Zep 3:17, S Dt 4:27; Ezr 9:7; Isa 6:12; Jer 32:23; 43:11; 52:27, Ne 1:8; Ps 44:11; Jer 13:24; 18:17; 22:22, NIV, Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible, Red Letter Edition: Bringing to Life the Ancient World of Scripture, NIV, Lucado Encouraging Word Bible, Comfort Print: Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV, Chronological Study Bible, Comfort Print: Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV, Biblical Theology Study Bible, Comfort Print: Follow Gods Redemptive Plan as It Unfolds throughout Scripture, NIV, Beautiful Word Bible Journal, Galatians, Paperback, Comfort Print, NIV, The Woman's Study Bible, Full-Color, Red Letter: Receiving God's Truth for Balance, Hope, and Transformation. 56-57a). Eugene Merrill: The inevitable calamities that befall the disobedient nation would be indelibly engraved in their memories and forever after would witness to the truth that the Lord and his covenant will cannot be flaunted. There the Lord will give you an anxious mind, eyes(CS) weary with longing, and a despairing heart. See Also:Deuteronomy 28 and the Aramaic Curse Tradition(Oxford Theology and Religion Monographs; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017). 43The foreigners who reside among you will rise above you higher and higher, but you will sink lower and lower. (:49-50) Ruthless Resolve of the Attacking Enemy, The LORD will bring a nation against you from afar, from the end of the earth, as the eagle swoops down, a nation whose language you shall not understand, 50 a nation of fierce countenance who shall have no respect for the old, nor show favor to the young.. All seven terms can be associated with heat. Whatever it is, it will be chronic, as the verb form indicates (hidbq, cause to cling to). The past few decades have brought to light additional inscriptions that also provide paralleled phenomena to the curses in Deuteronomy 28. Then the text returns in v. 32 to more faithfully reflect the Akkadian, abandoning the syntax of the futility curse and stressing along with the Esarhaddon Treaties that the root cause of the curse which in both seems to envision deportation will be at the hand of an enemy nation, so in Hebrew another people and in the Akkadian a strange enemy.. Deuteronomy 28 cannot be understood apart from the Northwest Semitic tradition of the futility curse. More insights from your Bible study - Get Started with Logos Bible Software for Free! It is likely that there existed a common collection of covenantal curse statements that appear with slight variations throughout ancient Near Eastern treaties. Gerald Gerbrandt: In this larger block of curses, the focus is narrowed to portray the catastrophe resulting from siege and defeat at the hand of the enemy. Skip Next. Both Deuteronomy and ancient Near Eastern treaty texts feature a similar structure with a historical prologue before a section of legal material and finally blessings and curses. 35The Lord will strike you in the knees and on the legs with severe boils which cannot be healed, and from the sole of your foot to the top of your head. Join us. 1:6 (x4); Zech. The LORD will smite you with consumption and with fever and with inflammation and with fiery heat and with the sword and with blight and with mildew, and they shall pursue you until you perish.. Both Deut. Crypto Oxford Theology and Religion Monographs; Oxford: Oxford University Press. (D), 17Your basket and your kneading trough will be cursed. 29And you shall (N)grope at noonday, as a blind man gropes in darkness; you shall not prosper in your ways; you shall be only oppressed and plundered continually, and no one shall save you. (:58-62) Final Warning What Will Happen If You Disobey Gods Law? 6:15, 2 Kin. Word Order. While this method of divine encouragement to keep the commandments of God might seem surprising from a theological point of view, curses were an integral part of the legal, political and religious life of the ancient Near East, found in a variety of ancient texts including the Hebrew Bible, Neo-Assyrian treaties and Northwest Semitic inscriptions. English Hebrew. 60Moreover He will bring back on you all (AS)the diseases of Egypt, of which you were afraid, and they shall cling to you. The first three are clearly human diseases (consumption, fever, and inflammation). This foreign nation was described as coming from a far distance from Israel, a nation that would arise quickly and one that would completely devastate the Land. 22(F)The Lord will strike you with consumption, with fever, with inflammation, with severe burning fever, with the sword, with (G)scorching,[c] and with mildew; they shall pursue you until you perish. MacArthur: Significantly, the phrase the Lord your God is used approximately 280 times in the book of Deuteronomy. (AM) There you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone. 20:6; Job 31:8; Jer. Eugene Merrill: Most immediately, however, destruction and ruin would come through disease, blight, and unremitting drought. Morrow, William S. 2005. 39:19, Lev. 8:10; Deuteronomy 28:30: Amos 5:11; Zeph. (:15) Condition for Cursing = Disobedience. (:30-33) Emotional Frustration Due to Violated Expectations = Futility Curses, You shall betroth a wife, but another man shall violate her;. Here Deuteronomy develops the idea world of the parallel curse in the Esarhaddon Treaties so unfaithful wives and houses in which the owner cannot reside but couches these motifs in the characteristic syntactic form of the futility curse, significantly expanding upon the Akkadian original by adding further clauses that develop traditional Northwest Semitic motifs concerning frustrated vineyards and livestock (see Smoak 2008). (CP) There you will worship other godsgods of wood and stone, which neither you nor your ancestors have known. New Translation Selector Drag & Drop Order. WebThe opposite is true also of the curses (Deuteronomy 28:15). . Root Strong's. Who we are:Calvary Chapel Fergus Falls is a Christian fellowship of believers in Jesus Christ located in Fergus Falls, MN. A pair of identical clauses highlights Yahwehs role in Israels future disaster (vv. 1:13 (x2); Hag. WebIn the same connection Deuteronomy 27:15-26 contain a list of crimes which are visited with a curse and no blessings; this cannot be the proclamation of blessing and cursing which is here required. 27The Lord will strike you with (K)the boils of Egypt, with (L)tumors, with the scab, and with the itch, from which you cannot be healed. WebThe Curse of Covenant Reversal: Deuteronomy 28:58-68 and Israel's Exile become clear that this passage relates both backwards to the promises given to Abraham and forwards to the renewal of those promises in the renewed hope of the prophets of Israel. 12:11; Job 31:10; Jer. If the ritual aspect of these treaty texts is emphasized, then the need for a formal written translation of the Esarhaddon Treaties may very well be negated. 68And the Lord (BF)will take you back to Egypt in ships, by the way of which I said to you, (BG)You shall never see it again. And there you shall be offered for sale to your enemies as male and female slaves, but no one will buy you.. The contrast is further defined by v. 63: just as the Lord had increased Israels numbers and prosperity, he would, in judgment, decrease them in the day of his wrath. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. To escape her misery she will long for night to come and then for the daytime. 29 Apr 2023 22:28:03 The last three describe climatic or agricultural conditions. Conventional images and language are employed with gruesome effect to describe what happens to a people when an enemy comes and besieges a city, causing starvation, cannibalism, and the loss of all dignity. (Y) 27The Lord will afflict you with the boils of Egypt(Z) and with tumors, festering sores and the itch, from which you cannot be cured. C. (:53-57) Radical Cannibalism in Desperate Times, Then you shall eat the offspring of your own body, the flesh of your sons and of your daughters whom the LORD your God has given you, during the siege and the distress by which your enemy shall oppress you.. WebDeuteronomy 29:20-28New International Version. (R) 24The Lord will turn the rain(S) of your country into dust and powder; it will come down from the skies until you are destroyed. 1. WebIn the third portion, Moses describes the blessings Israel will face if they keep the covenant, and the curses that will destroy them if they do not (Deut. (CT) 66You will live in constant suspense, filled with dread both night and day, never sure of your life. Why Does God Establish rather than Cut Covenants in the Priestly Source? pp. Finish. Once she lived in security, but now she would live in anxiety, despair, and in constant suspense and fear for her life (vv. Blessings and curses are directly associated with the covenant God made with the people of Israel, so they should be interpreted within that context. How mysterious is the work of the Spirit! In particular, note the Abrahamic covenant of Genesis 15: 7 Then he said to him, I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Kaldeans to assign this land to you as a possession. 8 And he said, O Lord God, how shall I know that I am to possess it? 9 He answered, Bring Me a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old she-goat, a three-year-old ram, a turtledove, and a young bird. 9 He answered, Bring Me a three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old she-goat, a three-year-old ram, a turtledove, and a young bird. 10 He brought Him all these and cut them in two, placing each half opposite the other; but he did not cut up the bird. 11:18-20; cf. 11:11; Hos. WebIf they disobey the law, they will receive all the curses. Holy Bible, New International Version, NIV Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission. Eugene Merrill: To fail to serve would result in Israels being given over to another sovereign whom they would serve until they were utterly decimated (v. 48). WebIn the third portion, Moses describes the blessings Israel will face if they keep the covenant, and the curses that will destroy them if they do not (Deut. 36) and thus introduce curses as the withdrawal of blessing. Skip Next. 61The Lord will also bring on you every kind of sickness and disaster not recorded in this Book of the Law,(CF) until you are destroyed.
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