20% He tells them of the suitors' disgraceful behavior and angrily tries to shame them into leaving. Free trial is available to new customers only. Prodius, old man of the the sea, who tells no lies. They offered him and his men food. Inspired, Telemachus thanks her for her advice, and she leaves. The next day, Telemachus held an assembly at which he ordered the suitors to leave their palace. Why? Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. Without his fathers loyal friends, he would not have been able to become a man fit for the throne of Ithaca. Why doesn't his benefactor bring Odysseus to the palace in person? Why does Nestor invite Telemachus to the feast before knowing his identity? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Create a schedule that shows how a fictional family might share clothing responsibilities. What is the formula for calculating solute potential? There, Antinous tries to make amends and offers to help him get a ship and crew, but Telemachus coldly rejects him. Telemachus situation is that he does not want to accept that his father Odysseus is death. He does not hold out any hope, however, and he and his mother remain helpless against the arrogant suitors. There, Menelaus dug up four holes to capture the sea god. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Home; Service. The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. Helen, wife of Menelaos, emerges from her chamber and says their visitor must be Telemachus. Odysseus encountered the lotus-eaters on his long journey home. While he was ill equipped to confront the suitors at the beginning of the poem, his own mini-odyssey to Pylos and beyond has transformed him. (The cup was used to mix wine and water). We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. This is why he decided to leave Ithaca and reach out to Menelaus, the King of Sparta, who was back after his own journey and the war. The double harbour is the sign of a trap, of internal manipulations from which the seeker must escape. The scene with the bow captures the endpoint of his development perfectly. It is pious to speak of god-human relationships in terms of complete dependence, though it is honorable to follow one's own conscience. Which is correct poinsettia or poinsettia? How has Penelope managed to hold off the suitors' demands for the past four years? She is with Telemachus' crew disguised as Mentor. The scene shifts to the home of Odysseus. She doesn't want people to think that she and Odysseus are together. But Telemachus will pass by a completely different place to reach Ithaca: the future yoga is no longer concerned with these luminous experiences in the mind. Menelaus would establish the manhood implanted by Athene. Delegating duties. Which god or goddess brings Zeus' command to Calypso? The old realisations plan to trap the seeker by clinging to the highest and most distant lights, relatively small experiences, but susceptible to block evolution (the suitors are waiting for Telemachus on the rock islet called the little Asteris (starry) with a double harbour). Why is Menelaus to go to the Elysian Field instead of dying as other mortals do? talk as man to man, no longer cS T"E rirrcilp f arrct8i, a fact which Menelaus recognizes by his straight answer to a question (iv. King of Sparta, brother of Agamemnon, and husband of Helen, he helped lead the Greeks in the Trojan War. This realisation has already been acquired at the time of ancient Egypt by a work of extensive mastery (Polydamna she who achieved many kinds of masteries, is the wife of Thon the inner consciousness turned towards the body). Book 1 - Introduction. Odysseus is initially afraid and wishes that he would have died at Troy, so he could have had a hero's death. The ancient Greeks' reverence for the gods is abundantly evident here - not one, but two sacrifices are made to Poseidon and Athena, respectively. What plan do the suitors devise against Telemachus? Telemachus and Peisistratos return to Pylos to sail for Ithaca. His father was missing for more than ten years at this point and news had reached Ithaca that other kings already arrived at their homes after the Trojan war was over. Next :Odysseus Journey from the Island of the Phaeacians to Ithaca (Book XIII) >>, << Summary and Introduction : The Returns. Does Penelope really intend to marry one of her suitors? Include at least one teen in the family. | Instead, she allowed her suitors to pursue her under the guise of opening her heart to them. Athena introduces herself as Odysseus' old friend Mentes and predicts that he will be home soon. He learns how to behave among Greek leaders. The conjunction of "failed" and "wail" reveals the deep emotional nature of the sacrifice; as the animal is brutally killed for the gods, the humans temporarily feel god-like ecstasy. The suitors had to use Odysseus' bow and arrow to shoot through the holes of twelve ax-heads. It does not store any personal data. for a group? The king of Sparta himself greeted the Ithacan party and courteously told them to eat their fill. He then becomes suspicious when the gods try to help him and shows his intransigent nature by not listening. What Happened in Ithaca While Odysseus Was Gone: The Suitors, Menelaus in The Odyssey: Telemachus Arriving at Sparta, Menelaus in The Odyssey: Telemachus' Fathe Figure. At night, Athena makes the suitors fall asleep and, in the form of Mentor, informs Telemachus of the arrival of his crew. But to fully grasp the role of Menelaus in The Odyssey, his importance, his symbolism, and how he gave Telemachus the courage and confidence to return home, we must see how the story unfolds. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". When the king realizes that Telemachus's companion is a god, he stops emphasizing Telemachus's eloquence and will, and focuses instead on the prince's dependence on the gods. What is happening at the beginning of The Odyssey? The next morning, Menelaus told Telemachus who questioned him about his father, his adventures in Egypt. He is an example of very good xenia and gives the crew food and drinks before even knowing who they are. Menelaus then instructed the handmaidens to guide the Ithacan and Pylean party into a luxurious bath. Helen puts a magical libation in the wine bowl that prevents the drinker from crying that day. Athena reminds Telemachus of the power of the gods, and it is impossible to underestimate the influence of the gods in Greek culture and mythology: the Greeks believed everything was fated by the gods, so it is vital to be on their good side. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. What was the purpose of this story? Meanwhile, in Ithaca, the suitors find out about Telemachus' journey to Pylos and plan to ambush him on his way home. As the king of Sparta, he offered food and a bath to Telemachus and the son of Nestor, Peisistratus. She assures Penelope she will protect Telemachus, though she cannot tell her anything about Odysseus. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. He washes up onshore naked and sleeps in a pile of leaves. Sometimes it can end up there. 347-8)-The mature Telemachus is gradually revealed to us in Books xv-xviii, How is Telemachus' identity revealed to Menelaus? Menelaus was found in his house feasting with his many clansmen in honor of Neoptolemus and Hermione; the daughter of Menelaus was to marry the son of the warrior Achilles. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! This last question is especially pertinent to the opening books, as we see Telemachus mature from a callow, helpless youth into a stronger, more confident man. Trading or sharing clothes doesn't work for everyone. And though Penelope is presented as a faithful wife, women in The Odyssey, such as Calypso, are often fearsome and predatory, their wiles typically enhanced by their stunning beauty. He agrees, and the god Hermes will be sent to Calypso to ask her to free Odysseus. That he is still alive but trapped somewhere and is trying to get home. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Menelaos gives a moving speech about his feelings for Odysseus, inspiring tears in them all; Peisistratos is particularly affected, remembering his brother Antilokhos who died at Troy. B. Liver damage They managed to capture Proteus, the Ancient of the Sea. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Odysseus is insulted by Seareach. Odysseus has been kept on the island Ogygia by the nymph, Calypso, who wants Odysseus for herself. While he was telling Telemachus about Odysseus he was crying. Menelaus in The Odyssey is presented as Odysseus friend and the king that offered Odysseus son, Telemachus, assistance to find our heros whereabouts. Odysseus, too, has a wife besieged by suitors and a son who, logically, dislikes them. Menelaus also recounted the famous tale of the Trojan horse, orchestrated by Odysseus, allowing the Greeks to sneak into Troy to slaughter the Trojans. To which test does he refer? Telemachus learns and appreciates the ways of his father, and so decides to follow the story of Orestes, and kill the suitors to take back his father's home (3.52). 6 Who helps Menelaus when he is marooned in Egypt? The king of Sparta offered Odysseus son, Telemachus, assistance to find his father, Menelaus provided information to Telemachus on the whereabouts of his father, Odysseus, Menelaus passed on to Telemachus the ideal qualities of a king because he had grown up without a father and the young man had no paternal figure to look up to, Because of the kindness Menelaus showed Telemachus, Odysseus son gained confidence in his capabilities as a leader and had faith that his father was close to coming back home. He offers to give him a chariot and horses but instead gives him his son Peisistratus as a guide. The scene shifts to the home of Odysseus. When the bard disappears, Clytemnestra forgets her husband and betrays him. The king and queen then recounted with melancholy the many examples of Odysseuss cunningness at Troy. These oppositions must be understood here as the best of the old and not as evil forces. Why does Telemachus call the men to assembly? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In the palace, they were dazzled by a burst of sun or moon falling from the heights. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. Right away, we see that Nestor and the people of Pylos honor the gods. A man only concerned with money and business. How does Menelaus know Telemachus identity? Antinoos, furious, summoned the suitors and was given a boat and twenty men to ambush Telemachus. She gave out an excuse, telling her suitors shed pick one of them after finishing her mourning weave, but every night she untangled her work to prolong the process. From Nestor, he learned diplomacy, and from Menelaus, he learned of sympathy, loyalty, and the importance of friendship. You can view our. Upon arriving at the gate, a servant named Eteoneus saw Telemachus and immediately returned to king Menelaus side telling him what had occurred. (one code per order). Nestor reinforces in the prince a respect for loyalty and devotion. What is the festive occasion in Menelaus palace when Telemachus arrives? During his stay there, who told Menelaus where Odysseus was detained? The seeker then wants to mobilize the roots of the new yoga (Penelope wants Laertes, father of Odysseus (Ulysses) and therefore grandfather of Telemachus, to be warned) but what nurtured this yoga recommends him instead to trust his inner direction ( but Euryclia, who was first the nanny of Odysseus (Ulysses) before being that of Telemachus, deterred him, claiming that Athena was watching over Telemachus). He talked to the leader of the suitors and asked them to respect Penelope, Odysseus wife, and her house, warning them of their behavior. As the suitors devour Odysseus' oxen, Telemachus says he believes his father - whom he does not know at all - is dead. What gift does Menelaus give Telemachus? For convenience, we will later refer to Antinoos as wisdom and Eurymachos as holiness.. Sacrifices also are pivotal to the plot of The Odyssey, for punishment awaits he who does not pay proper respect to the gods; we already know that Poseidon has wreaked havoc on Odysseus for blinding his son, Polyphemus. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Telemachus at Menelaus in Sparta (Book IV) Telemachus and Pisistratus arrived at Menelaus' home on the same day that he was celebrating the wedding of his two children: those of his daughter Hermione with Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, according to the promise made in Troad, and those of his bastard but beloved son Megapenthes with Alector's . Telemachus visits him in Book 3 to ask about his father, but Nestor knows little of Odysseus's whereabouts. Athena begs her father, Zeus, to allow Odysseus to go home to Ithaca. Athena instructs him to call an assembly of the islanders and order the suitors away; then he must sail away to find news of his father at Pylos and Sparta. What words are used to describe the suitors? Telemachus has not yet inherited his fathers brassy pride either. Impatient to return, Telemachus declined the offer and refused the horses that could not live on Ithaca which was an island for goats. Telemachus rejects his offer, telling the suitors to leave and begging aid from Zeus. Telemachus and the son of Nestor stayed their horses at the gate, whereon Eteoneus servant to Menelaus came out, and as soon as he saw them ran hurrying back into the house to tell his Master. She also points out emphatically that the male gods are allowed to take mortal lovers while female ones are not. Take the Analysis of Major Characters Quick Quiz. As he arrives at Sparta Menelaus finally tells Telemachus that Odysseus is alive and is held captive by Calypso. The suitors mock him while he readies himself for the trip, careful not to let his mother know about his plans. Is Telemachus astonished by the wealth of Sparta? Athena praises this idea, and then disappears as a sea hawk. Olympus? She told them she'd pick a suitor when she finished weaving a burial shroud for Odysseus, She weaved by day and unraveled by night. Passer, deliciae meae puellae (Catullus 2), Vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus (Catullus 5), Miser Catulle, desinas ineptire (Catullus 8), Eurymachus, the most disrespectful of the suitors, https://ancient-literature.com/menelaus-in-the-odyssey/, Telemachus in The Odyssey: The Son of the Missing King, Theoclymenus in The Odyssey: The Uninvited Guest, Troy vs Sparta: The Two Manginificant Cities of Ancient Greece. He weeps at Odysseus story and Helen recognizes him immediately despite never meeting him, He and his father look very much alike. A. Stomach irritation Wayne, Teddy. GradeSaver, 23 July 2015 Web. The Question and Answer section for The Odyssey is a great After all, it has only been a few years since he first realized what the suitors intentions were. Though this should be a compliment, the suitors try to cast Penelope's cunning as deception, reinforcing the theme of women as predatory. What are te suitors doing at Odysseus' house? The latter had sent him back to the river Aegyptus to offer sacrifices to the gods, which he had failed to do before his departure. 3 How does Menelaus recognize Telemachus? Djerba was the lair of the lotus-eaters, Odyssey island, where addictive lotus plants grew. So he goes on a voyage to find out what really happened to his father. But the ancient Greeks - and most modern ones, too - are equally hospitable to mortal strangers. As all cried over his fate, Helen threw into the drink a drug that appeased pain and resentment and dissolved all evils. How is Telemachus' identity revealed to Menelaus? Instant downloads of all 1725 LitChart PDFs What does Menelaus caution Telemachus against? Helen interprets the incident as an omen that Odysseus is about to swoop down on his home and exact revenge on the suitors. Telemachus speaks harshly to Penelope and criticizes her to other people, even after Odysseus has returned and revealed his identity. Nestor then explained that Agamemnon returned from Troy to find that Aegisthus, a base coward who remained behind, had seduced and married his wife, Clytemnestra. Why? She shouted their names, no doubt pushed by some god wanting to give the Trojans a chance of glory.. Telemachus never fully matches his father's talents, at least not by The Odyssey 's conclusion. The king and queen recall some of Odysseus' exploits at Troy but postpone serious talk until the next day. Aside from the beautiful language and rhythm, evident even in translation, Homer personifies Dawn ("her fingers") and adds breathing vitality even to forces of nature - unsurprising for a story that often pivots around natural (or supernatural) disaster. We pick up ten years after the fall of Troy in the Trojan War (the subject of The Iliad). Please wait while we process your payment. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Lastly, in book 4, Telemachus visits Menelaus in Sparta. Odysseus son the help of Athena. He ended up begging Odysseus to give him a proper burial to pass, but before this, the events that had led, Read More Elpenor in The Odyssey: Odysseus Sense of ResponsibilityContinue. Eteoneus, servant of Menelaus, alerted him of their arrival. Although Athena's hovering, controlling presence might seem oppressive and restrictive, it helps the prince . He told them of meeting Proteus and how he managed to gain information on the fates of his brother Agamemnon and Ajax, another Greek soldier who perished in Greece. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Menelaus describes his stay in Egypt to Telemachus. Why doesnt the goddess Athena get Odysseus home sooner? What is Menelaus expressing in this speech to Telemachus and Peisistratus? B. the arfival of Lord Carnarvon in Egypt. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. How has Telemachus changed since the beginning of Book 1, and how does Penelope react? Why does Calypso allow Odysseus to leave her island? which of the following responses best explains why odysseus decides not to kill th cyclops in his sleep. He weeps at Odysseus story and Helen recognizes him immediately despite never meeting him, He and his father look very much alike. In Book 22, he accidentally leaves a weapons storeroom unlocked, a careless mistake that allows the suitors to arm themselves. He is a friend of Odysseus and they fought together in the Trojan War. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. What does he accuse Odysseus of being? The king is indignant at the behavior of the suitors and hopes Odysseus can mete out their punishment. Though they do not heed his - or Zeus' - warnings, he has at least given them something to think about, and there will clearly be a reckoning once he returns. Nestor and his crew made it back home, as did a few other groups, but many did not. Antinous, one of the suitors, gives Telemachus a choice: evict his mother, or make her marry one of them. Odysseus' cleverness is illustrated in two stories, and both revolve around the idea of costumes or disguise (the Trojan Horse can be considered a kind of costume). She stayed behind to protect Telemachuss ship and crewmates. At daybreak, Telemachus calls an assembly of the suitors and other islanders. Then Helena, daughter of Zeus, recounted that she had recognized and questioned Odysseus (Ulysses) when, covered in rags and playing the beggar, went inside the walls and killed many Trojans. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Even more important to Greek culture is the custom of hospitality, or "xenia" (Zeus was the god of xenia). At the same time, the suitors Antinoos and Eurymachos with the face of a God learned from the mouth of Noemon that Telemachus, to whom he had lent his boat, had gone to Pylos, home of Menelaus. This gives him hope that his family will finally be complete. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Naturally, Telemachus also wanted to avoid his mother getting remarried to an arrogant suitor. As he has learned about his unknown father's courage, it seems to have rubbed off on him. After Odysseus' death, Telemachus returns to Aeaea with Telegonus and Penelope, and there marries Circe. April 30, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 The king and queen recall some of Odysseus exploits at Troy but postpone serious talk until the next day. Struggling with distance learning? During his stay there, who told Menelaus where Odysseus was detained? SparkNotes PLUS In trying to return home, Odysseus and his shipmates had numerous adventures, but now Odysseus has been left alone on the island of Ogygia for the last eight years, captive of the beautiful goddess Calypso. The ghost assured her of the return of her son, who was under Athenas protection, but did not want to say anything about the fate of Odysseus (Ulysses). Analysis. What happened to Agamemnon? In exchange, Menelaus instead gave Telemachus a mixing bowl solid silver finished off with a lip of gold.. Summarize Calypso's argument to Hermes regarding her relationship with Odysseus. Nestor does not know what befell Odysseus; after Ilion (Troy) fell, Athena provoked a fight between the brothers Menelaos and Agamemnon and divided the Achaeans into two camps; those under command of the former left, while the latter stayed. running because he has been on the sea for so long. Which event is an example of foreshadowing? While being held on the island of Pharos, Idotheus told him to question his father Proteus, an old man of the sea (see the beginning of this chapter). How does Athena first present herself to Telemachus? Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. How is Telemachus identity revealed to Menelaus? Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Are you providing choices here? We can infer that the gods care less about the details than about the fear and respect that inspire people to invent such complicated rituals. Nestor warns Telemachus not to make the same mistake and stay away from home too long. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Continue to start your free trial. For instance, the story of Agamemnon parallels that of Odysseus. The Odyssey e-text contains the full text of The Odyssey by Homer. At one point we receive a story-within-a-story-within-a-story as Homer tells us a story about Menelaos' story about Proteus' story. The end of the powerful aspiration for the improvement of man that had been necessary for the great reversal (the death of Agamemnon, husband of Clytemnestra). He urges him to find Menelaos for more news, and offers to provide him with horses, a chariot, and his sons for company. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. Antinous and Eurymachus, the most disrespectful of the suitors, rebuked Telemachus and asked for the visitors identity. Complete your free account to request a guide. Telemachus is moved to tears by Menelaus' recollections of his friend Odysseus. Suduiko, Aaron ed. Telemachus told his mother to organize a contest to decide whom she would marry. Though there were women warriors such as the Amazons, most of the women who were mentioned in the Iliad were, Read More The Role of Women in the Iliad: How Homer Portrayed Women in the PoemContinue, Elpenor in The Odyssey was Odysseus youngest man in his troop. In this mythological postscript, Odysseus is accidentally killed by Telegonus, his unknown son by the goddess Circe. 2 What does Menelaus caution Telemachus against? For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Telemachus calls upon the god who helped him yesterday. Each day, Proteus would lay with his seals on the sand, basking in the rays of the sun. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% This brief book continues Telemachus' development from youth to man. When he revealed the plan of the Achaeans she rejoiced because she knew his return was close. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Odyssey! The following day, Menelaus recounts his own return from Troy. Athena encourages the shy Telemachus to seek out old Nestor. He also informed Odysseus son how he was stuck on the island of Pharos. Telemachus and Pisistratus arrived at Menelaus home on the same day that he was celebrating the wedding of his two children: those of his daughter Hermione with Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, according to the promise made in Troad, and those of his bastard but beloved son Megapenthes with Alectors daughter. Telemachus and Peisistratos arrive at Menelaos' opulent mansion in Lakedaimon. Proteus also informed him of the death of Ajax, that of Agamemnon killed by Aegisthus and the stranding of Odysseus (Ulysses) held by the nymph Calypso, with no boat or sailors to leave the island. Athena tells Telemachus to seek information about his father from which men? Just an infant when his father left for Troy, Telemachus is still maturing when TheOdyssey begins. Homer opens the book with an invocation which is a prayer. The main reason why Telemachus went out of his way to find his father was because he was worried. (Helen poured in the drink a wonderful preparation suspending pain and anger, and all memory of evil; he who mixes it in his cup does not shed tears for a whole day; no, even when his father or mother perish; even when his beloved brother or son would be pierced by brass, and he would see it with his own eyes.) Not affiliated with Harvard College. He ruled over Agamemnon's kingdom as a tyrant for seven years before Orestes killed him and Klytaimnestra. We see more use of disguise in Athena's multiple visits, and Penelope is also identified as being cunning. Call Us Today! He tells of how, on his return from Troy, his men were stranded on an island without any wind. Menelaus wished to give Telemachus three stallions and a chariot burnished brightand a gorgeous cup. Telemachus regretfully declined these gifts for his own reasons. Medon immediately warned Penelope of Telemachus journey and the criminal plans of the suitors. The repeated mention of Orestes' murder of his father's usurper is another reminder that Telemachus is in a similar situation. How is Telemachus' identity revealed to Menelaus? He has a stout heart and an active mind, and sometimes even a bit of a temper, but he never schemes with the same skill or speaks with quite the same fluency as Odysseus. Wed love to have you back! Thus liberation and access to the Divine in spirit was considered (and still is today by many spiritual paths) as the only possibility of union with the Supreme. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. In fact, this tag of "son of Odysseus" nearly becomes what is known as the "Homeric epithet" for Telemachus. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! With this report, Telemachus and Peisistratus returned to Pylos and the young prince set sail for Ithaca. Nostos is only possible if a warrior's home is still there when he returns, unchanged from when he left. Telemachus never fully matches his fathers talents, at least not by The Odysseys conclusion. After going through our article, you could even say that Menelaus signifies a key moment in the Homeric narrative, in which we get to finally dive into Telemachus point of view on his fathers absence. Nestor says that while Agamemnon and Menelaos were away fighting, Aigisthos eventually won over Agamemnon's queen, Klytaimnestra. But, unbeknownst to them, the lotus they were all happily munching on stripped them of all desires, leaving only the urge to ingest the fruit. Odysseus brags that he is an accomplished athlete but allows one test where the Phaeacians would likely win. While Telemachus is always grateful to his hosts, the suitors abuse his hospitality, and now plan to kill him. Prodius, old man of the the sea, who tells no lies. His father was more than merely courageous, we keep learning. Despite Telemachus's insecurity, his speech makes a good impression on the king; Nestor implies that Telemachus's way with words comes from his father (rather than a god). Menelaus, in this context, passed on to Telemachus the ideal qualities of a king because he had grown up without a father, and without a king the young prince had no paternal figure to look up to. Read More The Island of the Lotus-Eaters: Odyssey Drug IslandContinue, Athena in The Odyssey acted as a guardian towards Odysseus family, ensuring their safety and prosperity in the Homeric Classic.