[177], Modern birds are known to communicate using visual and auditory signals, and the wide diversity of visual display structures among fossil dinosaur groups, such as horns, frills, crests, sails, and feathers, suggests that visual communication has always been important in dinosaur biology. First, there were dinosaurs. [33][34] Another difficulty of determining distinctly dinosaurian features is that early dinosaurs and other archosaurs from the Late Triassic epoch are often poorly known and were similar in many ways; these animals have sometimes been misidentified in the literature. The nature of the event that caused this mass extinction has been extensively studied since the 1970s, leading to the development of two mechanisms that are thought to have played major roles: an extraterrestrial impact event in the Yucatn Peninsula, along with flood basalt volcanism in India. This fight between the two scientists lasted for over 30 years, ending in 1897 when Cope died after spending his entire fortune on the dinosaur hunt. [266], Some dinosaurs are known to have used gizzard stones like modern birds. [249], However, researchers do not agree regarding whether these structures share a common origin between lineages (i.e., they are homologous),[250][251] or if they were the result of widespread experimentation with skin coverings among ornithodirans. [189], Another widespread trait among modern birds (but see below in regards to fossil groups and extant megapodes) is parental care for young after hatching. Evolution and Dinosaurs Debunked; Wiki Sections (0) FrontPage (1) Earth (2) Space (3) Science (4) History (5) Society (6) Disinformation Recent Changes. [323] However, these supposed Paleocene dinosaurs are considered by many other researchers to be reworked, that is, washed out of their original locations and then re-buried in younger sediments. Using fossil evidence, paleontologists have identified over 900 distinct genera and more than 1,000 different species of non-avian dinosaurs. [148], There were larger dinosaurs, but knowledge of them is based entirely on a small number of fragmentary fossils. 58 Comments on Dinosaurs Never Existed! Brought to light just two years after Charles Darwin's seminal On the Origin of Species (1859), its discovery spurred the nascent debate between proponents of evolutionary biology and creationism. Dinosaurs are ubiquitous in advertising; numerous companies have referenced dinosaurs in printed or televised advertisements, either in order to sell their own products or in order to characterize their rivals as slow-moving, dim-witted, or obsolete.[332][333]. The misconception that non-avian dinosaurs were uniformly gigantic is based in part on preservation bias, as large, sturdy bones are more likely to last until they are fossilized. [135][136] Two topics of particular interest and study have been dinosaur size and behavior. Major new dinosaur discoveries have been made by paleontologists working in previously unexplored regions, including India, South America, Madagascar, Antarctica, and most significantly China. The only "evidence" is a tall tale dating back to 1909. The idea of dinosaurs as ectothermic remained a prevalent view until Robert T. Bakker, an early proponent of dinosaur endothermy, published an influential paper on the topic in 1968. Different dinosaur species lived during each of these three periods. [99] Suggestions that these structures represent bacterial biofilms[100] have been rejected,[101] but cross-contamination remains a possibility that is difficult to detect. PLEASE SUPPORT OUR PROJECT USING GOOGLE WALLET!Google Pay info and app: https://pay.google.com/aboutGoogle Pay - Sending link: https://pay.google.com/send/h. A good understanding of how dinosaurs moved on the ground is key to models of dinosaur behavior; the science of biomechanics, pioneered by Robert McNeill Alexander, has provided significant insight in this area. Apatosaurus ( / ptsrs /; [3] [4] meaning "deceptive lizard") is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic period. [17] Other prehistoric animals, including pterosaurs, mosasaurs, ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and Dimetrodon, while often popularly conceived of as dinosaurs, are not taxonomically classified as dinosaurs. In addition, vocal communication in dinosaurs is indicated by the development of advanced hearing in nearly all major groups. "A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution". 65 million years ago marks the end of the Cretaceous Period, and is when dinosaurs go extinct. [39], Dinosaur fossils have been known for millennia, although their true nature was not recognized. [122], The CretaceousPaleogene extinction event, which occurred approximately 66million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous, caused the extinction of all dinosaur groups except for the neornithine birds. Then came mammals. [261][262] In 2008, scientists described Aerosteon riocoloradensis, the skeleton of which supplies the strongest evidence to date of a dinosaur with a bird-like breathing system. Interpretations of behavior in fossil species are generally based on the pose of skeletons and their habitat, computer simulations of their biomechanics, and comparisons with modern animals in similar ecological niches. [180] The earliest remains of a syrinx was found in a specimen of the duck-like Vegavis iaai dated 6966million years ago, and this organ is unlikely to have existed in non-avian dinosaurs. Some of these are also present in silesaurids, which Nesbitt recovered as a sister group to Dinosauria, including a large anterior trochanter, metatarsals II and IV of subequal length, reduced contact between ischium and pubis, the presence of a cnemial crest on the tibia and of an ascending process on the astragalus, and many others. Extrapolating from the illustration of this bone, the animal may have been 58 meters (190ft) long and weighed 122400 kg (270000 lb). He states they were unlikely to have been capable of vocalizing since their closest relatives, crocodilians and birds, use different means to vocalize, the larynx and syrinx respectively, indicating their common ancestor was mute. [45][46] Edward Lhuyd, a friend of Sir Isaac Newton, published Lithophylacii Britannici ichnographia (1699), the first scientific treatment of what would now be recognized as a dinosaur when he described and named a sauropod tooth, "Rutellum impicatum",[47][48] that had been found in Caswell, near Witney, Oxfordshire. Examples of this include the Morrison Formation of North America and Tendaguru Beds of Tanzania. [117] Most of these other animals became extinct in the Triassic, in one of two events. [183] A 2016 study concludes that some dinosaurs may have produced closed mouth vocalizations like cooing, hooting and booming. Birds, at over 10,700 living species, are among the most diverse groups of vertebrates. But as it turns out, it never really existed. Page 1 of 6: 1. First, at about 215million years ago, a variety of basal archosauromorphs, including the protorosaurs, became extinct. These occur in both reptiles and birds and involve inflating the esophagus or tracheal pouches. [184] The crests of some hadosaurids and the nasal chambers of ankylosaurids have been suggested to have functioned in acoustic resonance. Dinosaur denialism (or dino denial as a nice assonance) refers to mostly a fringe subset of the fundamentalist young Earth creationist movement that purports that prehistoric dinosaurs did not exist and are simply a fabrication of the 19 th century (their definition of "dinosaur" is probably not informed enough to include birds) backed up by [41] In Europe, dinosaur fossils were generally believed to be the remains of giants and other biblical creatures. The creature was named Hadrosaurus foulkii. [208][209] From the 1960s forward, Armand de Ricqls suggested that the presence of fibrolamellar bonebony tissue with an irregular, fibrous texture and filled with blood vesselswas indicative of consistently fast growth and therefore endothermy. What about all the Pictures of the Earth? (Although fossils had been found before, their nature had not been correctly discerned.) Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles [note 1] of the clade Dinosauria. The earliest part of this time saw the spread of ankylosaurians, iguanodontians, and brachiosaurids through Europe, North America, and northern Africa. These losses left behind a land fauna of crocodylomorphs, dinosaurs, mammals, pterosaurians, and turtles. tim hooper. [209] Other lines of evidence suggesting endothermy include the presence of feathers and other types of body coverings in many lineages (see Feathers); more consistent ratios of the isotope oxygen-18 in bony tissue compared to ectotherms, particularly as latitude and thus air temperature varied, which suggests stable internal temperatures[215][216] (although these ratios can be altered during fossilization[217]); and the discovery of polar dinosaurs, which lived in Australia, Antarctica, and Alaska when these places would have had cool, temperate climates. [126] Terror birds and bathornithids occupied carnivorous guilds alongside predatory mammals,[127][128] and ratites are still fairly successful as mid-sized herbivores; eogruiids similarly lasted from the Eocene to Pliocene, becoming extinct only very recently after over 20million years of co-existence with many mammal groups. Although some later groups of dinosaurs featured further modified versions of these traits, they are considered typical for Dinosauria; the earliest dinosaurs had them and passed them on to their descendants. They resurrected the clade Ornithoscelida to refer to the group containing Ornithischia and Theropoda. Simple, branched, feather-like structures are known from heterodontosaurids, primitive neornithischians,[246] and theropods,[247] and primitive ceratopsians. Cloacal visual signalling can occur in either males or females in living birds, making it unlikely to be useful to determine sex for extinct dinosaurs. [12] Also notably, there was a heightened rate of extinction during the Carnian pluvial event. For example, the Jurassic dinosaur Stegosaurus had already been extinct for approximately 80 million years before the . Birds are thus considered to be dinosaurs and dinosaurs are, therefore, not extinct. It preserves portions of the intestines, colon, liver, muscles, and windpipe. [51][52], The study of these "great fossil lizards" soon became of great interest to European and American scientists, and in 1842 the English paleontologist Sir Richard Owen coined the term "dinosaur", using it to refer to the "distinct tribe or sub-order of Saurian Reptiles" that were then being recognized in England and around the world. Roy. Dinosaurs in China show some differences, with specialized metriacanthosaurid theropods and unusual, long-necked sauropods like Mamenchisaurus. Some non-avialan dinosaurs, such as Troodon, exhibited iterative laying, where the adult might lay a pair of eggs every one or two days, and then ensured simultaneous hatching by delaying brooding until all eggs were laid. It's impossible that dinosaurs existed because dinosaurs are too big? but the fact that "dragons" look exactly like a dinosaur there is actually an ancient site I . [163] Congregating into herds may have evolved for defense, for migratory purposes, or to provide protection for young. [19], Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates of the Mesozoic Era, especially the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. [43][50] The second non-avian dinosaur genus to be identified, Iguanodon, was discovered in 1822 by Mary Ann Mantell the wife of English geologist Gideon Mantell. This would have helped them to conserve water. Bollettino della Societ Paleontologica Italiana. However, its known fossils are too fragmentary to identify it as a dinosaur or only a close relative. [105], Less well-preserved remains of the sauropodomorphs Jaklapallisaurus and Nambalia, along with the early saurischian Alwalkeria, are known from the Upper Maleri and Lower Maleri Formations of India. [14][248] Feather-like structures known as pycnofibres have also been found in pterosaurs. At the same time, several groups of dinosaurian herbivores evolved more sophisticated ways to orally process food. [242] They are most closely allied with maniraptoran coelurosaurs. [72], Dinosaur fossils are not limited to bones, but also include imprints or mineralized remains of skin coverings, organs, and other tissues. [179] Vocalization in non-avian dinosaurs is less certain. [59], World War II caused a pause in palaeontological research; after the war, research attention was also diverted increasingly to fossil mammals rather than dinosaurs, which were seen as sluggish and cold-blooded. [270] In 1984, Dale Russell carried out an analysis to account for these biases, and found no evidence of a decline;[279] another analysis by David Fastovsky and colleagues in 2004 even showed that dinosaur diversity continually increased until the extinction,[280] but this analysis has been rebutted. In the Bible, it says that God created Adam and Eve then God created land animals. First, John Ostrom discovered the bird-like dromaeosaurid theropod Deinonychus and described it in 1969. While dinosaurs were ancestrally bipedal (as are all modern birds), some prehistoric species were quadrupeds, and others, such as Anchisaurus and Iguanodon, could walk just as easily on two or four legs. [7][8] With the backing of Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria, Owen established the Natural History Museum, London, to display the national collection of dinosaur fossils and other biological and geological exhibits. [38] Erect limbs probably also helped support the evolution of large size by reducing bending stresses on limbs. A discovery of features in a Tyrannosaurus skeleton provided evidence of medullary bone in extinct dinosaurs and, for the first time, allowed paleontologists to establish the sex of a fossil dinosaur specimen. [300]) The cessation of photosynthesis would have led to the collapse of food webs depending on leafy plants, which included all dinosaurs save for grain-eating birds. [12], Birds are now recognized as being the sole surviving lineage of theropod dinosaurs. [238] However, as later discoveries showed, clavicles (or a single fused wishbone, which derived from separate clavicles) were not actually absent;[14] they had been found as early as 1924 in Oviraptor, but misidentified as an interclavicle. [142] However, as no further evidence of sauropods of this size has been found, and the discoverer, Cope, had made typographic errors before, it is likely to have been an extreme overestimation. [42], Scholarly descriptions of what would now be recognized as dinosaur bones first appeared in the late 17th century in England. Humans and dinosaurs did not live at the same time; and a small . [172], Based on fossil evidence from dinosaurs such as Oryctodromeus, some ornithischian species seem to have led a partially fossorial (burrowing) lifestyle. The terrestrial habitats were occupied by various types of archosauromorphs and therapsids, like cynodonts and rhynchosaurs. [32] Additionally, several characteristics once thought to be synapomorphies are now known to have appeared before dinosaurs, or were absent in the earliest dinosaurs and independently evolved by different dinosaur groups. [10] The first few lines of early dinosaurs diversified through the Carnian and Norian stages of the Triassic, possibly by occupying the niches of the groups that became extinct. [60][61] At the end of the 1960s, however, the field of dinosaur research experienced a surge in activity that remains ongoing. However, the multiple skeletal features also shared by the two groups represent another important line of evidence for paleontologists. It is built on a fraudulent model to try and disprove the true creation history that was passed down from ancient texts. [121] Ankylosaurians and ornithopods were also becoming more common, but primitive sauropodomorphs had become extinct. Somebody actually saw Adam and Eve eating apples. Jack Horner's 1978 discovery of a Maiasaura ("good mother lizard") nesting ground in Montana demonstrated that parental care continued long after birth among ornithopods. Clockwise from top left: Apex of a deltopectoral crest (a projection on which the, Fourth trochanter asymmetrical, with distal, lower, margin forming a steeper angle to the shaft, Exoccipitals (bones at the back of the skull) do not meet along the midline on the floor of the endocranial cavity, the inner space of the braincase, In the pelvis, the proximal articular surfaces of the, Distinct proximodistally oriented (vertical) ridge present on the posterior face of the distal end of the tibia (the rear surface of the lower end of the shinbone), Concave articular surface for the fibula of the calcaneum (the top surface of the calcaneum, where it touches the fibula, has a hollow profile), "Dilophosaur-grade neotheropods" (larger kink-snouted dinosaurs), "Nexus of basal coelurosaurs" (used by Tweet to denote well-known taxa with unstable positions at the base of Coelurosauria), The arguments and many of the images are also presented in, This page was last edited on 30 April 2023, at 14:21. [125], The surviving lineages of neornithine birds, including the ancestors of modern ratites, ducks and chickens, and a variety of waterbirds, diversified rapidly at the beginning of the Paleogene period, entering ecological niches left vacant by the extinction of Mesozoic dinosaur groups such as the arboreal enantiornithines, aquatic hesperornithines, and even the larger terrestrial theropods (in the form of Gastornis, eogruiids, bathornithids, ratites, geranoidids, mihirungs, and "terror birds"). Authors of general-interest non-fiction works about dinosaurs, including some prominent paleontologists, have often sought to use the animals as a way to educate readers about science in general. [24], In 2016, the estimated number of dinosaur species that existed in the Mesozoic was 1,5432,468. [200], Because both modern crocodilians and birds have four-chambered hearts (albeit modified in crocodilians), it is likely that this is a trait shared by all archosaurs, including all dinosaurs. Above the CretaceousPaleogene boundary, which has been dated to 66.038 0.025 million years ago,[269] fossils of non-avian dinosaurs disappear abruptly; the absence of dinosaur fossils was historically used to assign rocks to the ensuing Cenozoic. [253] The description of feathered dinosaurs has not been without controversy in general; perhaps the most vocal critics have been Alan Feduccia and Theagarten Lingham-Soliar, who have proposed that some purported feather-like fossils are the result of the decomposition of collagenous fiber that underlaid the dinosaurs' skin,[254][255][256] and that maniraptoran dinosaurs with vaned feathers were not actually dinosaurs, but convergent with dinosaurs. Any proper look at the facts will reveal that dinosaurs simply never existed. Few of the specimens that are recovered are complete skeletons, and impressions of skin and other soft tissues are rare. [157] For example, Anchiornis huxleyi is currently the smallest non-avialan dinosaur described from an adult specimen, with an estimated weight of 110g (3.9oz)[158] and a total skeletal length of 34 centimeters (1.12ft). We have an over 50% complete Allosaurus skeleton in our Creation Museum, dug out of the ground in northwestern Colorado. Evidence suggests that all dinosaurs were egg-laying, and that nest-building was a trait shared by many dinosaurs, both avian and non-avian. For examples of this work conducted on different dinosaur lineages, see, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, British Association for the Advancement of Science, CretaceousPaleogene (K-Pg) extinction event, Lists of dinosaur-bearing stratigraphic units, "Two New Species of Large Predatory Dinosaur With Crocodile-Like Skulls Discovered on Isle of Wight", "The origin and early evolution of birds: discoveries, disputes, and perspectives from fossil evidence", "Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation", New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, "Report on British Fossil Reptiles. [259], Because feathers are often associated with birds, feathered dinosaurs are often touted as the missing link between birds and dinosaurs. Dinosaurs like the T-rex, or Veolocirpator have never existed with humans, and we are separated by about 65 million years. Agrosaurus - probably a junior synonym of Thecodontosaurus. Proof that dinosaurs never existed! [63][64][60][207], One of the greatest contributions to the modern understanding of dinosaur physiology has been paleohistology, the study of microscopic tissue structure in dinosaurs. [178] Reconstruction of the plumage color of Anchiornis, suggest the importance of color in visual communication in non-avian dinosaurs. Its anatomy indicated that it was an active predator that was likely warm-blooded, in marked contrast to the then-prevailing image of dinosaurs. One person tells everyone that dinosaurs are too big to exist (Blue Whale is about 98 ft. Some were herbivorous, others carnivorous. Its remains were discovered in Tanzania between 1907 and 1912. Gideon Mantell recognized similarities between his fossils and the bones of modern iguanas. Although known for large size, many Mesozoic dinosaurs were human-sized or smaller, and modern birds are generally small in size. [178] Other researchers have countered that vocalizations also exist in turtles, the closest relatives of archosaurs, suggesting that the trait is ancestral to their lineage. Those, along with multiple trackways, suggest that gregarious behavior was common in many early dinosaur species. [193] Trackways have also confirmed parental behavior among ornithopods from the Isle of Skye in northwestern Scotland. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event approximately 66mya. [271][272][278] However, these comparisons did not account either for varying preservation potential between rock units or for different extents of exploration and excavation. thanks for watchinghttp://gvenews.com/the-dinosaurs-never-existed-bones-and-fossils-manmade/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoraptor [152] Therizinosaurus and Deinocheirus were among the tallest of the theropods. [44] He correctly identified the bone as the lower extremity of the femur of a large animal, and recognized that it was too large to belong to any known species. 30 Apr 2023 07:02:32 While the dinosaurs' modern-day surviving avian lineage (birds) are generally small due to the constraints of flight, many prehistoric dinosaurs (non-avian and avian) were large-bodiedthe largest sauropod dinosaurs are estimated to have reached lengths of 39.7 meters (130 feet) and heights of 18m (59ft) and were the largest land animals of all time. [167], The crests and frills of some dinosaurs, like the marginocephalians, theropods and lambeosaurines, may have been too fragile to be used for active defense, and so they were likely used for sexual or aggressive displays, though little is known about dinosaur mating and territorialism. In the northern continents of North America and Asia, the major theropods were tyrannosaurids and various types of smaller maniraptoran theropods, with a predominantly ornithischian herbivore assemblage of hadrosaurids, ceratopsians, ankylosaurids, and pachycephalosaurians. [315][316], Whether the Deccan Traps were a major cause of the extinction, on par with the Chicxulub impact, remains uncertain. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Early saurischians"lizard-hipped", from the Greek sauros () meaning "lizard" and ischion () meaning "hip joint"retained the hip structure of their ancestors, with a pubis bone directed cranially, or forward. In 1972, Bakker expanded on his arguments based on energy requirements and predator-prey ratios. Ceratopsians developed a method of slicing with teeth stacked on each other in batteries, and iguanodontians refined a method of grinding with dental batteries, taken to its extreme in hadrosaurids. As such, they have captured the popular imagination and become an enduring part of human culture. [95][96] The extraction of fragmentary DNA has also been reported for both of these fossils,[97] along with a specimen of Hypacrosaurus. Prior to the discovery of the Chicxulub crater, the Deccan Traps were used to explain the global iridium layer;[305][310] even after the crater's discovery, the impact was still thought to only have had a regional, not global, effect on the extinction event. However, the specific mechanisms of the extinction event and the extent of its effects on dinosaurs are still areas of ongoing research. [288] Shocked quartz, indicative of a strong shockwave emanating from an impact, was also found worldwide. [285][286], The bolide impact hypothesis, first brought to wide attention in 1980 by Walter Alvarez, Luis Alvarez, and colleagues, attributes the K-Pg extinction event to a bolide (extraterrestrial projectile) impact. Several deinonychosaur and oviraptorosaur specimens have also been found preserved on top of their nests, likely brooding in a bird-like manner. It was an extremely important find: Hadrosaurus was one of the first nearly complete dinosaur skeletons found (the first was in 1834, in Maidstone, England), and it was clearly a bipedal creature. [103][104] The oldest dinosaur fossils known from substantial remains date to the Carnian epoch of the Triassic period and have been found primarily in the Ischigualasto and Santa Maria Formations of Argentina, and the Pebbly Arkose Formation of Zimbabwe. Because the line of dinosaurs that includes Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus diverged from the line that led to Tenontosaurus very early in the evolution of dinosaurs, this suggests that the production of medullary tissue is a general characteristic of all dinosaurs. This definition includes major groups such as ankylosaurians (armored herbivorous quadrupeds), stegosaurians (plated herbivorous quadrupeds), ceratopsians (bipedal or quadrupedal herbivores with neck frills), pachycephalosaurians (bipedal herbivores with thick skulls), ornithopods (bipedal or quadrupedal herbivores including "duck-bills"), theropods (mostly bipedal carnivores and birds), and sauropodomorphs (mostly large herbivorous quadrupeds with long necks and tails). [58], Dinosaur mania was exemplified by the fierce rivalry between Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh, both of whom raced to be the first to find new dinosaurs in what came to be known as the Bone Wars. In traditional taxonomy, birds were considered a separate class that had evolved from dinosaurs, a distinct superorder. [67], Prior to the dinosaur renaissance, dinosaurs were mostly classified using the traditional rank-based system of Linnaean taxonomy. The longest complete dinosaur is the 27 meters (89ft) long Diplodocus, which was discovered in Wyoming in the United States and displayed in Pittsburgh's Carnegie Museum of Natural History in 1907. [77][78] Chiefly among these were the rocks that produced the Jehol (Early Cretaceous) and Yanliao (Mid-to-Late Jurassic) biotas of northeastern China, from which hundreds of dinosaur specimens bearing impressions of feather-like structures (both closely related to birds and otherwise, see Origin of birds) have been described by Xing Xu and colleagues. [75] Owen and Hooley subsequently described skin impressions of Hypsilophodon and Iguanodon in 1885 and 1917. Within the archosaur group, dinosaurs are differentiated most noticeably by their gait. [7][8][9][53][54] The term is derived from Ancient Greek (deinos)'terrible, potent or fearfully great', and (sauros)'lizard or reptile'. It Was a Dinosaur Tail", "Dinosaurs and the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution", "Exceptional preservation and the fossil record of tetrapod integument", "Recent advances in amniote palaeocolour reconstruction and a framework for future research", "Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds", "Countershading and Stripes in the Theropod Dinosaur, "3D Camouflage in an Ornithischian Dinosaur", "Interpreting melanin-based coloration through deep time: a critical review", "Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in a theropod dinosaur from Italy", "Evidence of proteins, chromosomes and chemical markers of DNA in exceptionally preserved dinosaur cartilage", "Fibres and cellular structures preserved in 75-million-year-old dinosaur specimens", "Dinosaurian Soft Tissues Interpreted as Bacterial Biofilms", "Influence of Microbial Biofilms on the Preservation of Primary Soft Tissue in Fossil and Extant Archosaurs", "A fossil protein chimera; difficulties in discriminating dinosaur peptide sequences from modern cross-contamination", "Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions", "The Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation at Cerro Las Lajas (La Rioja, Argentina): fossil tetrapods, high-resolution chronostratigraphy, and faunal correlations", "A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina", American Association for the Advancement of Science, "The precise temporal calibration of dinosaur origins", "The oldest dinosaur?
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