Electro-optic modulator (EOM) takes a vital role in connecting the electric and optical fields. Dong, P. et al. RT @OpticaPubsGroup: View Spotlight analysis of the #OPG_JOSA_B paper Spiral waveguide Bragg grating modulator on thin-film Z-cut lithium niobate http://ow.ly . Wang, C. et al. Zhang, M., Wang, C., Cheng, R., Shams-Ansari, A. 7, 10031013 (2019). As such, the photonic-crystal mirror on the right side of the defect cavity is designed to be of 100% reflection, while that on the left side has decreased number of holes (Fig. 7a. The inset shows the S11 reflection scattering parameter for both devices. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Harnessing plasma absorption in silicon MOS ring modulators, Resonant plasmonic micro-racetrack modulators with high bandwidth and high temperature tolerance, Photonic van der Waals integration from 2D materials to 3D nanomembranes, A power-efficient integrated lithium niobate electro-optic comb generator. Here we overcome these limitations and demonstrate monolithically integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators that feature a CMOS-compatible drive voltage, support data rates up to 210. Extended Data Fig. On the other hand, placing the electrode closer to the photonic-crystal cavity will strengthen as well the driving electric field inside the cavity and thus enhance the electro-optic tuning (Fig. Rep. 7, 46313 (2017). Thinfilm lithium niobate (TFLN) has been widely used in electrooptic modulators, acousticoptic modulators, electrooptic frequency combs and nonlinear wavelength converters owing to the. Ultrafast electro-optic light with subcycle control. Recently, thin-film lithium niobate (LN) emerges as a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits. Article To show this phenomenon, we applied a sinusoidal RF signal at a certain frequency to the EOM and monitored the transmission spectrum of the device by scanning laser back and forth across the cavity resonance. 8 shows that there are considerable rooms to further improve the EOM performance. For LN, however, the EOMs developed so far1,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 generally exhibit significant dimensions, leading to significant power required to drive the EOMs. a, Set-up for measuring the modulator electro-optic responses from 35GHz to 100GHz. Applied Physics, Optics / Photonics, Tiantsai Lin Professor of Electrical Engineering, Leah Burrows Optical modulators, using acousto-optic, magneto-optic or electro-optic effects, as the principal components for external modulation of lightwaves, have presently played the important role in modern long-haul ultra-high speed optical communications and photonic signal processing systems. Photon. A conventional modulator (b) also uses a buffer oxide layer for velocity matching, but on top of LN which further compromises the electro-optic overlap. IEEE J. Sel. After the residue removal, we used diluted hydrofluoric acid to undercut the buried oxide layer to form a suspended photonic-crystal membrane structure (Fig. As shown in Fig. Wooten, E. L. et al. M.L. Nat. Express 27, 1985219863 (2019). @article{Ghosh2023WaferscaleHI, title={Wafer-scale heterogeneous integration of thin film lithium niobate on silicon-nitride photonic integrated circuits with low loss bonding interfaces}, author={Siddhartha Ghosh and Siva Yegnanarayanan and Dave Kharas and Matthew Ricci and Jason Plant and Paul W. Juodawlkis}, journal={Optics Express}, year . High-performance and linear thin-film lithium niobate MachZehnder modulators on silicon up to 50GHz. A review of lithium niobate modulators for fiber-optic communications systems. With a balance between the optical Q and the electro-optic tuning efficiency, we adopt a design with a 2.1-m gap and a 150-nm-thick wing layer to achieve the performance demonstrated in this paper, which is highlighted in red in Fig. 42.25.p. Liang, H., Luo, R., He, Y., Jiang, H. & Lin, Q. Express 22, 2862328634 (2014). https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=3948. A fully photonics-based coherent radar system. On the other hand, the full-swing extinction ratio of the EOMs is primarily determined by the external coupling of light to the modulator cavity. Such a supercell of metasurface is constructed by two kinds of finite-sized arrays possessing different topological properties via the generalized two-dimensional (2D . Photon. C.W., M.Z., X.C., P.W. Google Scholar. When the EOM is driven at a modulation frequency of 600MHz much smaller than the cavity linewidth of 1.4GHz, increasing the driving power simply broadens the transmission spectrum into one with two shallow side lobes, as shown in Fig. Fortier, T. M. et al. Abstract: In this paper, we demonstrate up to 260-GBaud single-wavelength coherent transmission by employing an optical transmitter based on two wide-bandwidth devices: a novel 260-GS/s arbitrary waveform generator with a 10-dB bandwidth of 90-GHz and a thin-film Lithium Niobate I/Q modulator with a 3-dB bandwidth of 110-GHz. Quantum Electron. b, c Electro-optic tuning efficiency and optical quality factor of the device as a function of Gap and tw, simulated by the FEM method. http://www.fujitsu.com/jp/group/foc/en/products/optical-devices/100gln/, Eospace 2017 Advanced Products. Nature 507, 341345 (2014). Res. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Li, M. et al. In this contribution, we simulate, design, and experimentally demonstrate an integrated optical isolator based on spatiotemporal modulation in the thin-film lithium niobate on an insulator waveguide platform. Jiang, W. et al. and M.L. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Numerical simulations show that the device exhibits a small capacitance C of C=~22fF, which is more than one order of magnitude smaller than other LN EOMs1,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26. & Wang, A. X. Coherent modulation up to 100 GBd 16QAM using silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) devices. & Capmany, J. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Express 26, 2372823739 (2018). are involved in developing lithium niobate technologies at HyperLight Corporation. A. This value is the smallest switching energy ever reported for LN EOMs1,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26, clearly showing the high energy efficiency of our devices. 41, 57005703 (2016). The orange curve in Fig. Chen, X. et al. Opt. In summary, we have demonstrated high-speed LN EOMs with a broad modulation bandwidth of 17.5GHz, a significant tuning efficiency up to 1.98GHzV1, and an electro-optic modal volume as small as 0.58m3. The elliptical hole has dimensions of hx=270nm and hy=490nm, and a fully etched depth of 300nm. NTT Tech. Topics: It, however, degrades considerably the optical Q of the cavity (Fig. Among various device geometries, photonic-crystal nanoresonators are particularly beneficial in this regard, given their exceptional capability of controlling light confinement and lightmatter interactions on the sub-wavelength scale. This work was performed in part at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure (National Science Foundation, ECCS-1542081). Liu, K., Ye, C. R., Khan, S. & Sorger, V. J. A 100, 043811 (2019). It has a bias control section that integrates with a tap monitor for stable operation. The devices exhibit a significant tuning efficiency up to 1.98 GHz V -1, a broad modulation bandwidth of 17.5 GHz, while with a tiny electro-optic modal volume of only 0.58 m 3. Electro-optic modulation enables arbitrary modulation of cavity resonance within the bandwidth allowed by the driving circuit. Opt. and JavaScript. 27), which is about 22fJ per bit in our EOM. and M.L. Technol. & Fan, S. Synthetic space with arbitrary dimensions in a few rings undergoing dynamic modulation. ISSN 1476-4687 (online) 6c, where a driving power of 16mW (corresponding peak-to-peak driving voltage, Vpp, of Vpp=2.5V) splits the cavity resonance into five with notable magnitudes (black curve), resulting in a cavity transmission with five side lobes (blue curve). supervised the project. 16, 18 (2018). ADS Opt. Ayata, M. et al. a Schematic of the LN photonic-crystal EOM. Lu, H. et al. A 10-Gbit/s lithium niobate intensity module provides chirp-free modulation at 1550 nm. 1a) since it supports compact optical and electrical integration to enhance the electro-optic response. Recently, there have been significant advance in high-Q LN photonic-crystal nanoresonators43,44,45,46, which led to the demonstration of intriguing phenomena and functionalities such as photorefraction quenching43, harmonic generation44, piezo-optomechanics45, and all-optical resonance tuning46. Open Access Lu, H. et al. Review and perspective on ultrafast wavelength-size electro-optic modulators. CAS Photon. PubMedGoogle Scholar. All of these applications require chip-scale electro-optic modulators that operate at voltages compatible with complementary metaloxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technology, have ultra-high electro-optic bandwidths and feature very low optical losses. Shambat, G. et al. & Mitchell, A. As a result, a full air cladding would strongly limits the electro-optic coupling, leading to a low efficiency of electro-optic tuning as indicated by the individual black column in Fig. Low loss InP C-band IQ modulator with 40GHz bandwidth and 1.5V V As an example, a gap of ~1.5m would not only result in an optical Q of ~5000 that helps increase the operation bandwidth to ~45GHz, but also improve the electro-optic tuning efficiency by about 31% to 2.38GHzV1, as highlighted in blue in Fig. Acousto-optical modulation of thin film lithium niobate waveguide devices. 26, 13321335 (2014). and JavaScript. 35, 346396 (2017). Thanks to the strong light confinement, we are able to place the electrode fairly close to the cavity without introducing extra optical loss (Fig. 1a), where an injector section (Fig. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles 3, 301313 (2009). To characterize the performance of high-speed modulation, the majority of the modulated light output was amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier to boost the power, passed through a bandpass filter to remove the amplifier noise, and was then detected by a high-speed detector (New Focus 1024). Science 361, 13581363 (2018). Phys. B 97, 104105 (2018). Lithium niobate piezo-optomechanical crystals. Rao, A. et al. In this research, we used all the nano-fabrication tricks and techniques learned from previous developments in integrated lithium niobate photonics to overcome those challenges and achieve the goal of integrating a high-powered laser on a thin-film lithium niobate platform.. Photonics 13, 454459 (2019). Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators operating at CMOS-compatible voltages. J. Lightwave Technol. Loncar is a cofounder of HyperLight Corporation, a startup which was launched to commercialize integrated photonic chips based on certain innovations developed in his lab. Photon. Article The broad modulation bandwidth of these devices would thus enable high-speed electro-optic switching. 16, 185191 (2010). For microwave simulations, the electric-field values are obtained when a voltage of 1V is applied across the two electrodes. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. EDFA, erbium-doped fibre amplifier; FPC, fibre-polarization controller; MZM, MachZehnder modulator (commercial); OSA, optical spectrum analyser; VOA, variable optical attenuator. Express 26, 15471555 (2018). Photonics 1, 407410 (2007). This work demonstrates the first (to the best of our knowledge) thin film lithium niobate electro-optic modulator operating at a wavelength of 1064 nm. 4, 518526 (2010). 8b. Sci. Optica 4, 12511258 (2017). b Detailed transmission spectrum of the fundamental TE-like cavity mode \({\mathrm{{TE}}}_{01}^{0}\) at a wavelength of 1554.47nm, with the experimental data shown in blue and the theoretical fitting shown in red. 14 April 2023, Light: Science & Applications conceived the experiment. For example, LNOI phase modulators with relatively low To show the electro-optic tuning property, we applied a DC voltage to the chip and monitored the cavity transmission spectrum of the \({\mathrm{{TE}}}_{01}^{0}\) mode. Opt. Nat. Express 19, 75307536 (2011). C.W., M.Z., X.C. Our thin-film modulator (a) has an oxide layer underneath the device layer, so that velocity matching can be achieved while maximum electro-optic efficiency is maintained. Opt. Rao, A. et al. & Lin, Q. High-Q 2D lithium niobate photonic crystal slab nanoresonators. InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW electroabsorption modulator integrated with a DFB laser fabricated by band-gap energy control selective area MOCVD. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA, Mingxiao Li,Jingwei Ling,Yang He&Qiang Lin, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA, You can also search for this author in Long haul telecommunication networks, data center optical interconnects, and microwave photonic systems all rely on lasers to generate an optical carrier used in data transmission. Zhang, X. et al. PubMed The devices exhibit a significant tuning efficiency up to 1.98 GHz V1, a broad modulation bandwidth of 17.5 GHz, while with a tiny electro-optic modal volume of only 0.58 m3.
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